Table 5.
Results of the linear regression for DS1, DS2, and DS3.
| DS1 | DS2 | DS3 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | SE | p-Value | 95% CI | Beta | SE | p-Value | 95% CI | Beta | SE | p-Value | 95% CI | |
| Constant | 11.03 | 0.09 | <0.001 | [10.86; 11.21] | −2.22 | 0.15 | <0.001 | [−2.51; −1.92] | −9.01 | 0.45 | <0.001 | [−9.90; −8.13] |
| Battery level | 0.10 | 0.00 | <0.001 | [0.09; 0.10] | 0.07 | 0.00 | <0.001 | [0.07; 0.08] | 0.09 | 0.00 | <0.001 | [0.08; 0.09] |
| Charging | ||||||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||||
| Yes | −2.80 | 0.05 | <0.001 | [−2.89; −2.70] | −3.87 | 0.06 | <0.001 | [−3.99; −3.75] | −3.88 | 0.07 | <0.001 | [−4.01; −3.75] |
| Time of day in hours | −0.43 | 0.00 | <0.001 | [−0.44; −0.42] | −0.41 | 0.01 | <0.001 | [−0.42; −0.41] | −0.41 | 0.01 | <0.001 | [−0.43; −0.41] |
| App Category | ||||||||||||
| Messaging | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||||
| Educational | 17.90 | 0.17 | <0.001 | [17.57; 18.23] | 14.79 | 0.21 | <0.001 | [14.39; 15.20] | 13.33 | 0.22 | <0.001 | [12.90; 13.76] |
| Finance | 20.34 | 0.23 | <0.001 | [19.89; 20.79] | 8.74 | 0.29 | <0.001 | [8.17; 9.31] | 6.09 | 0.29 | <0.001 | [5.52; 6.66] |
| Gaming | 53.36 | 0.25 | <0.001 | [52.87; 53.85] | 55.18 | 0.33 | <0.001 | [54.54; 55.83] | 54.35 | 0.36 | <0.001 | [53.65; 55.06] |
| Health | 28.21 | 0.18 | <0.001 | [27.85; 28.57] | 28.00 | 0.22 | <0.001 | [27.56; 28.44] | 25.62 | 0.23 | <0.001 | [25.16; 26.07] |
| News_Entertainment | 44.79 | 0.10 | <0.001 | [44.59; 44.98] | 41.95 | 0.12 | <0.001 | [41.72; 42.18] | 49.67 | 0.16 | <0.001 | [49.37; 49.98] |
| Outdoor | 5.87 | 0.12 | <0.001 | [5.63; 6.11] | 4.31 | 0.14 | <0.001 | [4.03; 4.59] | 1.24 | 0.15 | <0.001 | [0.95; 1.53] |
| Self-Organization | 35.11 | 0.26 | <0.001 | [34.61; 35.62] | 34.03 | 0.30 | <0.001 | [33.45; 34.61] | 32.25 | 0.33 | <0.001 | [31.61; 32.90] |
| Shopping | 12.66 | 0.11 | <0.001 | [12.44; 12.87] | 12.46 | 0.13 | <0.001 | [12.20; 12.73] | 11.34 | 0.15 | <0.001 | [11.05; 11.63] |
| Social_Media | 40.22 | 0.11 | <0.001 | [40.01; 40.43] | 33.82 | 0.13 | <0.001 | [33.56; 34.08] | 30.81 | 0.15 | <0.001 | [30.53; 31.10] |
| System_OS | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.131 ‡ | [−0.02; 0.18] | 0.47 | 0.07 | <0.001 | [0.34; 0.60] | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.211 ‡ | [−0.05; 0.23] |
| Warning | −8.90 | 0.18 | <0.001 | [−9.26; −8.55] | −9.48 | 0.22 | <0.001 | [−9.92; −9.05] | −10.73 | 0.22 | <0.001 | [−11.15; −10.31] |
| Age | NI | 0.39 | 0.00 | <0.001 | [0.38; 0.39] | 0.35 | 0.00 | <0.001 | [0.34; 0.35] | |||
| Sex | NI | |||||||||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| Male | 0.58 | 0.08 | <0.001 | [0.43; 0.74] | 1.83 | 0.09 | <0.001 | [1.67; 2.00] | ||||
| BFI | NI | NI | ||||||||||
| Openness | 0.14 | 0.04 | <0.001 | [0.05; 0.22] | ||||||||
| Conscientiousness | 0.33 | 0.06 | <0.001 | [0.22; 0.44] | ||||||||
| Extraversion | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.807 ‡ | [−0.08; 0.11] | ||||||||
| Agreeableness | 0.38 | 0.06 | <0.001 | [0.26; 0.50] | ||||||||
| Neuroticism | 1.44 | 0.05 | <0.001 | [1.35; 1.54] | ||||||||
SE: Standard error. CI: Confidence Interval. NI: Not included in the regression model. ‡ Not significant.