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. 2024 Apr 11;16(8):1136. doi: 10.3390/nu16081136

Table 1.

The relationship between diet and nutritional supplements in the prevention and management of COPD.

Which Dietary and Nutritional Supplements May Be Beneficial for Patients with COPD?
Diet and/or Nutritional Supplement Risk of COPD Development? Intake Has Potential Benefit Once COPD Diagnosis is Established? Specific Dosage
Meat <75 g/week
Fruits and Vegetables
Fiber ≥26.5 g/day
Vitamin D ↑ (deficiency) Serum 25(OH)D levels ≥ 55 nmol/L
Vitamin C ? 400–1000 mg daily
Iron ↑ (deficiency) Intravenous ferric
carboxymaltose
Nitrate ? BRJ with 12.9 mmol of nitrate twice weekly
Heavy Alcohol
Consumption
Polyphenols
Prudent Diet
Western Style Diet
DASH Diet
Mediterranean Diet ?
n-3 PUFAs ?

↑ = increased risk. ↓ = decreased risk. ✔ = beneficial. ? = evidence inconclusive. nmol = nanomolar. mg = milligrams. BRJ = beetroot juice. mmol = millimoles. DASH = Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. n-3 PUFAs = omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.