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Superantigen toxins (SAg) bind to both MHC-II molecules on the antigen-presenting cell and TCR variable region (v) on lymphocyte T leading to up to 25% T cell activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In contrast, the conventional antigen presentation activates only a low number of T lymphocytes. v, variable; c, constant regions.
