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. 2024 Apr 16;29(8):1811. doi: 10.3390/molecules29081811

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Antibacterial activity of essential oil volatile constituents against Streptococcus pyogenes. Bacterial zone of inhibition assays were performed measuring the activity of various volatile compounds and recreated compound blends derived from (A) Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree), (B) Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon), (C) Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), and (D) Thymus vulgaris (Thyme). The results are displayed with a color gradient from light to dark grey to represent the increasing essential oil concentrations, in the order of 0 μL, 10 μL, 20 μL, 40 μL, and 80 μL, respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed based on the zone of inhibition diameter and categorized as none (<10 mm), negligible (10–15 mm), low (15–30 mm), moderate (30–50 mm), high (50–70 mm), and highest (>70 mm). Error bars denote the standard deviation derived from three separate experiments. Statistically significant deviation of the various isolated compounds and essential oils relative to an EtOH control are indicated with asterisks: * p = 0.01–0.05; ** p = 0.001–0.01; *** p < 0.001.

Antibacterial activity of essential oil volatile constituents against Streptococcus pyogenes. Bacterial zone of inhibition assays were performed measuring the activity of various volatile compounds and recreated compound blends derived from (A) Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree), (B) Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon), (C) Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), and (D) Thymus vulgaris (Thyme). The results are displayed with a color gradient from light to dark grey to represent the increasing essential oil concentrations, in the order of 0 μL, 10 μL, 20 μL, 40 μL, and 80 μL, respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed based on the zone of inhibition diameter and categorized as none (<10 mm), negligible (10–15 mm), low (15–30 mm), moderate (30–50 mm), high (50–70 mm), and highest (>70 mm). Error bars denote the standard deviation derived from three separate experiments. Statistically significant deviation of the various isolated compounds and essential oils relative to an EtOH control are indicated with asterisks: * p = 0.01–0.05; ** p = 0.001–0.01; *** p < 0.001.