Table 1.

Characteristics of radionuclides used for PET imaging.

Isotope	Half-Life (t1/2)	Decay	Mean β+ Energy (keV)	Reaction	Target Abundance	Cost	References
45Ti	184 min	β+ (85%)	439	45Sc(p,n)45Ti	100%	$	[23,24]
64Cu	12.7 h	β+ (17.8%)	278	64Ni(p,n)64Cu	1.16%	$$$	[25]
11C	20.3 min	β+ (100%)	386	14N(p,α)11C	99.63%		[26,27]
18F	110 min	β+ (97%)	250	18O(p,n)18F	0.2%	$$	[28]
68Ga	68 min	β+ (88%)	830	68Ge generator	N/A	$$$	[29]