Figure 2.

Plant defense mechanisms of TLPs. Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stresses through several pathways. Under stress conditions, metabolic changes and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) are quickly stimulated and initiate the expression of PR proteins, including PR5. TLPs are PR5 members, multifunctional proteins that exhibit antifungal activity, glucan-binding activity, glucanase activity, xylanase inhibitor abilities, cytokinin-binding abilities, and actin-binding abilities. TLPs contain three domains: I, II, and III. N: N-terminal, C: C-terminal.