Table 2.
Perioperative fluid administration, losses, and associated variables during emergency gastrointestinal surgery divided according to fluid group
| Low-FBa group (fluid balance < 0.0 L) |
Moderate-FB group (fluid balance 0.0–2.0 L) |
High-FB group (fluid balance > 2.0 L) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 44 | n = 108 | n = 151 | |
| Intraoperative | |||
| Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) | |||
| Systolic BP at 1 h, mmHg | 100 [92, 113] | 108 [95, 120] | 103 [92, 120] |
| Diastolic BP at 1 h, mmHg | 52 [49, 58] | 55 [48, 61] | 54 [47, 60] |
| HR at 1 h, min−1 | 73 [65, 81] | 77 [69, 86] | 84 [71, 94] |
| Systolic BP < 100 mmHg, no (%) | 42 (95.5) | 99 (91.7) | 135 (89.4) |
| HR > 100 min−1, no (%) | 6 (13.6) | 25 (23.1) | 55 (36.4) |
| Fluid variables, mL, median [IQR] | |||
| Ivb crystalloids | 730 [300, 1160] | 680 [400, 1010] | 1000 [600, 1730] |
| iv colloids | 250 [250, 510] | 300 [0, 550] | 390 [0, 710] |
| Other | 420 [200, 570] | 360 [200, 500] | 390 [160, 520] |
| Total iv fluid administration | 1680 [1180, 2160] | 1440 [1110, 1960] | 2030 [1450, 2700] |
| Diuresis | 260 [100, 500] | 150 [40, 270] | 180 [60, 300] |
| Blood loss | 0 [0, 200] | 0 [0, 100] | 0 [0, 50] |
| Other loss | 0 [0, 260] | 0 [0, 400] | 0 [0, 160] |
| Total loss | 570 [280, 800] | 450 [190, 820] | 360 [150, 800] |
| Fluid balance | 970 [480, 1430] | 910 [640, 1320] | 1480 [1000, 2120] |
| Vasopressor given, no (%) | 35 (79.5) | 94 (87.0) | 132 (87.4) |
| Ephedrine, no (%) | 26 (59.1) | 71 (65.7) | 85 (56.3) |
| Dose, mg | 25.0 [20.0, 33.8] | 20.0 [10.0, 30.0] | 20.0 [10.0, 40.0] |
| Phenylephrine, no (%) | 4 (9.1) | 60 (55.6) | 102 (67.5) |
| Dose, mg | 0.5 [0.2, 0.8] | 0.6 [0.4, 1.2] | 0.8 [0.4, 1.4] |
| Norepinephrine, no (%) | 4 (9.1) | 14 (13.0) | 41 (27.2) |
| Dose, mg | 0.6 [0.2, 1.2] | 0.2 [0.1, 3.5] | 0.3 [0.1, 0.9] |
| Postoperative | |||
| Fluid variables, mL, median [IQR] | |||
| iv crystalloids | 820 [200, 1200] | 1010 [500, 2000] | 2220 [1100, 3300] |
| iv colloids | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 250] |
| Glucose containing fluids | 0 [0, 1000] | 0 [0, 1000] | 1000 [0, 1680] |
| Other | 1170 [350, 2080] | 1330 [570, 2100] | 2200 [1420, 3250] |
| Total iv fluid administration | 2460 [1760, 3800] | 3140 [2200, 4420] | 5430 [4260, 7430] |
| Diuresis | 2250 [1670, 3420] | 1720 [910, 2750] | 1470 [1030, 2400] |
| Other loss | 1690 [1250, 3560] | 1290 [940, 1990] | 1340 [960, 2000] |
| Total loss | 5040 [3830, 6170] | 3460 [2110, 4420] | 3100 [2260, 4340] |
| Fluid balance | -1960 [-2450, -1540] | 80 [-550, 480] | 2170 [1320, 3410] |
| Vasopressor given, no (%) | 2 (4.5) | 4 (3.7) | 14 (9.3) |
| Perioperative | |||
| Total fluid administration | 4380 [3250, 5540] | 4880 [3500, 6230] | 7820 [6120, 9800] |
| Total fluid loss | 5700 [4110, 7690] | 4000 [2480, 5170] | 3640 [2620, 5080] |
| Fluid balance | -870 [-1440, -550] | 930 [540, 1330] | 3760 [2730, 5290] |
aFluid balance. bIntravenous