Table 4.

Logistic regression analysis on the association between the perioperative fluid group and post-operative complications following emergency gastrointestinal surgery

	Low-FBa group (fluid balance < 0.0L)		Moderate-FB group (fluid balance 0.0–2.0L)	High-FB group (fluid balance > 2.0L)
	ORb (95% CI)	p Value		OR (95% CI)	p Value
	Crude analysis
Primary outcome
Cardiopulmonary complications	1.1 (0.3–3.6)	0.880	Refc	3.4 (1.6–7.9)	0.002
Secondary outcome
Renal complications	1.1 (0.3–3.3)	0.830	Ref	1.7 (0.8–3.9)	0.147
Infectious complications	0.8 (0.3–1.8)	0.598	Ref	1.2 (0.7–2.0)	0.605
Wound related complications	0.7 (0.3–1.9)	0.552	Ref	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	0.149
	Adjustedd analysis
Primary outcome
Cardiopulmonary complications	1.7 (0.5–6.1)	0.436	Ref	3.4 (1.5–7.6)	0.002
Secondary outcome
Renal complications	1.0 (0.5–1.7)	0.855	Ref	1.7 (0.8–3.6)	0.202
Infectious complications	0.8 (0.3–1.9)	0.571	Ref	1.0 (0.6–1.9)	0.852
Wound-related complications	0.7 (0.3–2.2)	0.577	Ref	0.5 (0.3–1.2)	0.109

^aFluid balance. ^bOdds ratio (95% confidence interval). ^cThe moderate-FB group serves as reference in bi-variate analysis. ^dAdjusted by a weighted propensity score based on age, BMI, sex, ASA-class (classes 1–3 or 4–5), tobacco use (yes or no), alcohol intake > 7 units/week for women and > 14 units/week for men, pre-operative sepsis-2-score (classes 0–2 or 3–4), yes or no for: active cancer, cardiac co-morbidity, pulmonary co-morbidity, other co-morbidity including renal disease, liver disease or diabetes, limited postoperative treatment, and the use of vasopressors. In addition, laparotomy/laparoscopy, resection or no resection of the intestine, the diagnosis (gastrointestinal obstruction), upper perforation (gastric, jejunal or ileac), or lower perforation (colonic or rectal)