Table 4.
Associations between traditional cigar and cigarette use status and lifetime asthma diagnosis and uncontrolled asthma (Wave 2 – Wave 5 population averaged), PATH Study 2014–2019
|
Lifetime asthma diagnosis
Obs = 42,871 a |
Uncontrolled asthma
c
(ACT ≤ 19)
Obs = 5,700 a |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco use status | Obs |
Weighted % (95% CI) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Tobacco use status | Obs |
Weighted % (95% CI) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|
Never smokers of cigarettes or traditional cigars Obs = 20,247 |
3,134 | 11.5 (10.5, 12.6) | Ref | Ref |
Never smokers of cigarettes or traditional cigars Obs = 2,912 |
306 | 12.5 (10.1, 15.6) | Ref | Ref |
|
Current established traditional cigar smokers Obs = 1,060 |
130 | 9.9 (7.4, 13.3) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.11) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) |
Current established traditional cigar smokers Obs = 117 |
10 | 8.3b (3.9, 16.8) | 0.74 (0.30, 1.81) | 0.74 (0.22, 2.56) |
|
Current established cigarette smokers Obs = 21,039 |
2,862 | 11.9 (11.1, 12.8) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) | 1.18 (1.03, 1.35) |
Current established cigarette smokers Obs = 2,591 |
606 | 23.5 (20.5, 26.8) | 2.09 (1.48, 2.95) | 1.86 (1.17, 2.96) |
|
Current established dual smokers of traditional cigars and cigarettes Obs = 525 |
87 | 13.8 (9.6, 19.4) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 1.20 (1.04, 1.38) |
Current established dual smokers of traditional cigars and cigarettes Obs = 80 |
24 | 37.4 (22.2, 55.5) | 2.66 (1.27, 5.55) | 2.15 (0.78, 5.97) |
OR odds ratio, Obs observations
Bolded estimates are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
Ns are unweighted; percentages and ORs are weighted using the Wave 5 all-waves weights for the Wave 1 Cohort
Excludes those with COPD and other non-asthma respiratory diseases
Adjusted for age (18–39 vs. 40 +), sex, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, cigarette pack years, duration of cigar use, secondhand smoke exposure, past month marijuana use, and current established use of at least one of: ENDS, pipe, hookah, smokeless tobacco, snus. Also adjusted for current established use of cigarillos and filtered cigars. Uncontrolled asthma model also adjusted for use of asthma medications
aOverall Obs represents unadjusted model and does not take into account missingness on covariates. 9,616 observations were missing on covariates for the ever asthma adjusted model and 1,690 for the uncontrolled asthma adjusted model
bEstimate should be interpreted with extra caution because it has low statistical precision. It is based on a denominator sample size of less than 50, or the coefficient of variation of the estimate or its complement is larger than 30%
cAmong adults with an asthma diagnosis