Table 2.
Biochemical and Urine Microscopy Findings in AKI-CD Cases (N = 527)
| Variable | Reference interval a | Examined men, N | Median (IQR) or N (%) | Examined women, N | Median (IQR) or N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum examination | |||||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9-1.3 | 500 | 2.0 (1.8-2.5) | 27 | 1.7 (1.4-2.0) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | >90 | 500 | 42 (34-51) | 27 | 38 (33-49) |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 10-50 | 198 | 42 (32-53) | 10 | 31 (24-35) |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 2.4-7.0 | 391 | 7.8 (6.7-9.0) | 17 | 6.8 (5.7-7.8) |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 135-145 | 487 | 137 (135-139) | 26 | 138 (136-140) |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.5-5.5 | 490 | 3.7 (3.2-4.0) | 27 | 3.6 (3.2-4.2) |
| Ionized calcium (mg/dL) | 1.15-1.35 | 463 | 1.18 (1.13-1.23) | 24 | 1.20 (1.14-1.22) |
| Magnesium (mg/dL) | 1.92-2.5 | 427 | 1.8 (1.5-2.0) | 23 | 1.7 (1.4-2.1) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | <6 | 159 | 24 (8-48) | 10 | 51 (21-69) |
| Creatine phosphokinase (u/L) | 24-190 | 415 | 220 (148-331) | 23 | 137 (87-209) |
| Blood examination | |||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11-18 | 445 | 12.8 (11.8-13.7) | 22 | 11.6 (10.5-12.3) |
| Hematocrit (%) | 36-50 | 452 | 37 (34-40) | 23 | 33 (31-37) |
| Leukocytes (N/mm3) | 4500-11000 | 448 | 11950 (9200-15625) | 22 | 9700 (7800-12400) |
| Neutrophils (N/mm3) | 448 | 8960 (6240-13000) | 22 | 6780 (5400-9420) | |
| Neutrophils (% of leukocytes) | 52-67% of leukocytes | 448 | 76 (68-73) | 22 | 73 (68-82) |
| Lymphocytes (N/mm3) | 448 | 2540 (1940-3200) | 22 | 2200 (1800-2860) | |
| Lymphocytes (% of leukocytes) | 21-35% of leukocytes | 448 | 22 (15-30) | 22 | 25 (18-32) |
| Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio | 2.84 b | 448 | 3.5 (2.3-5.7) | 22 | 3.0 (2.1-4.6) |
| Thrombocytes (1000/mm3) | 150-500 | 443 | 261 (227-307) | 22 | 279 (246-315) |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hr) | <10 | 121 | 25 (10-43) | 10 | 35 (18-40) |
| Urine examination | |||||
| Non-transparent on inspection | 439 | 313 (72%) | 27 | 26 (96%) | |
| Dipstick | |||||
| Density | 1005-1030 | 441 | 1020 (1015-1020) | 27 | 1015 (1010-1020) |
| pH | 5-9 | 440 | 6 (5-6.5) | 27 | 6 (5-6) |
| Proteinuria (>trace) | 439 | 195 (44%) | 27 | 7 (30%) | |
| Hematuria (any +) | 440 | 149 (34%) | 27 | 11 (41%) | |
| Glucosuria (any +) | 440 | 51 (12%) | 27 | 2 (7%) | |
| Nitrite (any +) | 440 | 1 (0%) | 26 | 1 (4%) | |
| Ketonuria (any +) | 440 | 33 (8%) | 27 | 1 (4%) | |
| Microscopy | |||||
| Leukocytes > 5/field | 440 | 352 (80%) | 27 | 25 (93%) | |
| Leukocytes >50/field or uncountable | 440 | 164 (37%) | 27 | 11 (41%) | |
| Erythrocytes > 5/field | 440 | 101 (23%) | 27 | 10 (37%) | |
| Any non-hyaline casts | Absence | 440 | 167 (39%) | 27 | 9 (33%) |
| Amorphous urate crystals | Absence | 440 | 188 (43%) | 27 | 14 (54%) |
| Amorphous phosphate crystals | Absence | 440 | 33 (8%) | 27 | 1 (14%) |
| Amorphous oxalate crystals | Absence | 440 | 5 (1%) | 27 | 0 (0%) |
a
Reference values are from ISA hospital laboratory. b 97.5th percentile among pre-employment screening visits during 2018-2019 harvest (Manuscript in process).