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. 2024 Apr 27;15:3599. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48010-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Four untrained observers were tasked with rating the PV in all treated VTSs in the MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 sets against all adequate controls. The observer score (OS) represents the average of all ratings. b Correlation analysis of the OS for all treatments in the MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 sets versus numerical PV parameters. Significant correlation was found for changes in relative CD31+ volume, PV supply index, and in number of PV segments/PV network. Results from two-tailed correlation analysis with C.I. = 95%, and calculated Pearson correlation coefficient. c Equation with calculated factors for correlation of numerical PV parameters with OS. d Comparison of OS versus calculated vascular effect index (VEI) in the MDA-MB-435s set used for evaluation. e Calculated VEIs of all tested drugs in the MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435s sets. f Anti-angiogenic versus the vascular disruptive effect of the tested drugs in the MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435s sets. Only the average of three samples is shown for clarity. g Calculated tumor cell effect index of all tested drugs in the MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435s sets. h Calculated fibroblast effect index of all tested drugs in the MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435s sets. i Architecture of PV in MCF7 VTSs in control and RS-504393-treatment groups. 3D-rendering of CD31⁺-PV surfaces pseudo-colored to represent the different structural objects. Frontal cut through VTS center in the xy-plane. j Architecture of PV in MDA-MB-231 VTSs in control and treatment groups (AXI, RS-504393). 3D-rendering of CD31⁺-PV surfaces pseudo-colored to represent the different structural objects. Frontal cut through VTS center in the xy-plane. k Composition of MDA-MB-231 VTSs, control, ZD-7155, and LDC 1267 treatment groups. 3D-rendering of CD31⁺-PV surfaces (red), tumor cells (green), and fibroblasts (blue). Frontal cut through VTS center in the xy-plane, 50 µm depth. l The same frontal cut through treated MDA-MB-231 VTSs as in (k), but 3D-rendering of tumor cell clusters are pseudo-colored to represent different connected objects. m Frontal cut through MCF7 VTSs in the control group and after treatment with ZD-7155. 3D-rendering of CD31⁺-PV surfaces (red), and individual tumor cells (green) represented as 10 µm orbs. Frontal cut through VTS center in the xy-plane, 50 µm depth. 3D grid spacing: 50 µm, error bars: ± SEM, n = 3 individual biological samples. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.