Figure 4.

A through D, Allogeneic flank tumor model: Human SW1573 cells were injected into the flanks of nude mice on the day indicated by the red arrow. E through H, Syngeneic flank tumor model: Murine TC-1 cells were injected into the flank of C57BL/6 mice. In both flank tumor models, losartan did not influence tumor volume or weight. Cisplatin significantly reduced tumor weight and volume in both models.∗ Combination treatment with losartan and cisplatin significantly reduced tumor size and volume below that of phosphate buffered saline control, losartan alone, or cisplatin alone.∗I through K, Immunohistochemical quantification of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and vimentin in allogeneic and syngeneic flank tumor models. Losartan and cisplatin each increase E-cadherin separately, and the combination of losartan and cisplatin is associated with an increase in E-cadherin over individual treatment.∗ Vimentin is reduced by losartan and cisplatin individually, and combination treatment reduced vimentin below either individual treatment.∗L and N, E-cadherin and vimentin expression changes confirmed via polymerase chain reaction test. L through O, Zeb 1, programmed death-ligand (PDL-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression was unchanged by losartan or cisplatin alone but were significantly reduced with combination treatment.∗ ∗P < .05.