Table 2.

Operative data by treatment group

Variables	RIPC (n = 60)	Control (n = 60)
Anesthesia
Volatile anesthetic agent: isoflurane	56 (93%)	55 (92%)
Volatile anesthetic agent: sevoflurane	4 (7%)	5 (8%)
MAC volatile anesthetic pre-CPB, %	0.7 [0.6-0.9]	0.8 [0.7-1.0]
Time from start of intervention to aortic XC, min	93 [81-105]	92 [77-103]
In TOF repair	(n = 34)	(n = 34)
RVOT muscle resected	34 (100%)	33 (97%)
RVOT stent removed∗	6 (86%)	7 (100%)
RVOT/TA/PA patch used	32 (94%)	33 (97%)
RV-PA conduit used	2 (6%)	1 (3%)
In isolated VSD closure	(n = 26)	(n = 26)
RVOT muscle resected	5 (19%)	3 (12%)
VSD closed	60 (100%)	59 (98%)†
Total CPB time, min	91.0 [67.0-114.0]	87.5 [70.0-106.5]
Repeat CPB required	7 (12%)	5 (8%)
Total aortic XC time, min	64.0 [45.0-84.5]	58.5 [44.5-74.0]
Repeat aortic XC required	6 (10%)	5 (8%)
Type of cardioplegia used
Cold blood	54 (90%)	53 (88%)
Cold crystalloid	6 (10%)	6 (10%)
Warm blood	0	1 (2%)
No. of cardioplegia doses	2 [2-3]	2 [2-3]
Total cardioplegia volume, mL	360 [272-450]	369 [294-450]
Postoperative recovery
Drain loss at 12 h, mL	55.0 [45.0-87.5]	79.5 [40.0-107.5]
Blood transfusion post-CPB in first 12 h	13 (22%)	11 (18%)
Volume blood transfused in first 12 h, mL/kg in those transfused	75 [55-100]	50 [30-80]
Hemoglobin at 12 h, g/dL	119 [111-134]	119 [107-130]
Time to extubation, h	6.3 [3.7-15.2]	6.9 [3.6-13.3]

Data are median [IQR] when appropriate. RIPC, Remote ischemic preconditioning; MAC, minimum alveolar concentration; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; XC, crossclamp; TOF, tetralogy of Fallot; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; TA, transannular; PA, pulmonary artery; RV-PA, right ventricle to pulmonary artery; VSD, ventricular septal defect.

^∗Of the 7 participants in each treatment arm with TOF and an RVOT stent.

^†Small infant with TOF and bilateral superior vena cavae in whom an RV-PA conduit was placed but complete repair was abandoned.