Table 4.
Secondary outcomes by treatment group
| Outcomes | RIPC mean (SD, n) | Control mean (SD, n) | Point estimate (95% CI), P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak Hs-troponin-T in first 12 h (μg/L) | 5.42 (3.64, 57) | 4.51 (2.54, 58) | 0.85 (−0.09 to 1.80), .08∗ |
| Vasoactive inotrope score in first 12 h | 61.6 (39.0, 60) | 53.6 (32.3, 60) | 8.1 (−4.1 to 20.3), .19† |
| Arterial lactate (mmol/L) | |||
| Baseline | 1.06 (0.29, 58) | 1.10 (0.56, 59) | 0.04 (−0.12 to 0.20), .60‡ |
| 3 h | 1.69 (0.61, 60) | 1.61 (0.65, 59) | |
| 6 h | 1.73 (0.75, 57) | 1.73 (0.69, 58) | |
| 9 h | 1.50 (0.71, 55) | 1.62 (1.25, 55) | |
| 12 h | 1.45 (0.49, 55) | 1.47 (0.82, 55) | |
| Central venous oxygen saturations (%) | |||
| 3 h | 64.2 (10.2, 56) | 65.4 (8.7, 55) | −1.10 (−3.85 to 1.66), .43‡ |
| 6 h | 61.9 (12.8, 55) | 63.9 (9.2, 57) | |
| 9 h | 60.7 (10.8, 50) | 62.2 (8.3, 50) | |
| 12 h | 61.4 (7.7, 51) | 61.8 (10.4, 57) |
| Outcomes | RIPC median (IQR, n) | Control median (IQR, n) | Point estimate (95% CI), P value§ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to ICU discharge (h) | 23.92 (20.55-33.58, 59) | 24.95 (22.00-45.57, 59) | 1.18 (0.82-1.71), .37 |
| Time to ICU discharge (h)¦ | 23.96 (20.83-36.78, 60) | 25.00 (22.02-45.91, 60) | 1.20 (0.84-1.73), .32 |
| Time to hospital discharge (d) | 6.0 (5.0-10.0, 59) | 7.0 (5.0-10.0, 57) | 1.27 (0.88-1.83), 0.21 |
| Time to hospital discharge (d)‖ | 6.0 (5.0-11.0, 60) | 7.0 (5.0-12.0, 60) | 1.27 (0.88-1.84), 0.20 |
RIPC, Remote ischemic preconditioning; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; hs, High-sensitivity; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit.
Postoperative time points from first release of the aortic crossclamp. Mean difference (RIPC – Control) calculated using linear regression model, adjusting for baseline troponin, congenital heart defect and center.
congenital heart defect and center; a negative difference favors the RIPC group.
Average mean difference over each time point (RIPC – Control) calculated using a mixed linear regression model adjusting for baseline value of the measure (if available), heart condition and center. For arterial lactate, a negative difference favors the RIPC group; for central venous oxygen saturations, a positive difference favors the RIPC group.
Hazard ratio (RIPC/Control) calculated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for center and congenital heart defect; values greater than 1 favor RIPC.
Using uncensored data.