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. 2024 Apr 15;12:1345402. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345402

Table 4.

Intake and meeting requirements for minerals in the study group.

Overall intake Needs* Intake p–value** % below requirements
Min–Max Mean ±SD/Median Organic Conventional Organic Conventional
Mean ±SD/Median Mean ±SD/Median % %
Sodium (mg) 1923–7326 4531 ± 1327 1500 4517 ± 1189 4549 ± 1491 0.931 0 0
Potassium (mg) 31424–6502 3830 ± 1161 3500 4315 ± 1084 3286 ± 1008 < 0.001 25 60
Calcium (mg) 115, 8–2031 597.2 800–1000 801, 1 546, 0 0.008 54 88
Phosphorus (mg) 648.5–2775 1525 ± 506, 4 580 1724 ± 509.8 1304 ± 407.2 0.002 0 0
Magnesium (mg) 110.4–747.3 337.3 255–350 364.7 281.0 0.020 21 52
Iron (mg) 5.21–46.77 13.82 6–8 14.91 11.68 0.007 0 8
Zinc (mg) 6.56–24.38 11.17 6.8–9.4 13.05 9.32 0.015 4 16
Copper (mg) 0.46–3.09 1.34 0.7 1.43 1.12 0.011 0 4
Manganese (mg) 0.71–12.34 4.42 1.8–2.3 5.06 3.79 0.012 4 4
Iodine (μg) 55.91–317.5 174.3 ± 55.08 95 183.1 ± 56.07 164.4 ± 53.32 0.220 0 12

Needs estimated on the basis of Standards for the Polish population (23); Bolded values statistically significant; *Needs (according to EAR / AI) depending on age and gender; **Student t-test for normal distribution and the U Mann–Witney's test for a distribution different from normal.