Table 2.
Baseline patient characteristics in patients with acute pancreatitis.
| Variable | Total (n=520) | CAR | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <0.446 (n=322) | ≥0.446 (n=198) | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 59.00 (46.00, 74.00) | 55.00 (43.00, 70.00) | 65.00 (53.25, 76.00) | <0.001 |
| Gender | 0.057 | |||
| Male | 289 (55.6) | 168 (52.2) | 121 (61.1) | |
| Female | 231 (44.4) | 154 (47.8) | 77 (38.9) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.399 | |||
| Asian | 20 (3.8) | 9 (2.8) | 11 (5.6) | |
| White | 324 (62.3) | 205 (63.7) | 119 (60.1) | |
| Black | 38 (7.3) | 22 (6.8) | 16 (8.1) | |
| Other | 138 (26.5) | 86 (26.7) | 52 (26.3) | |
| Vital Signs | ||||
| HR | 100.00 (84.00, 116.00) | 101.00 (85.00, 116.75) | 99.00 (83.00, 115.00) | 0.356 |
| SBP | 127.00 (109.75, 144.25) | 131.00 (114.00, 150.75) | 120.50 (101.00, 140.00) | <0.001 |
| DBP | 72.00 (60.00, 85.00) | 75.00 (63.00, 88.00) | 66.00 (56.00, 80.00) | <0.001 |
| MAP | 90.67 (78.00, 103.83) | 94.33 (80.42, 107.00) | 85.33 (73.42, 97.83) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate | 21.00 (17.00, 26.00) | 21.00 (18.00, 25.00) | 21.00 (17.00, 26.00) | 0.988 |
| Spo2 | 96.00 (94.00, 99.00) | 95.88 (94.00, 99.00) | 96.00 (94.00, 98.00) | 0.255 |
| Temperature | 36.89 (36.44, 37.39) | 36.94 (36.56, 37.56) | 36.67 (36.34, 37.22) | <0.001 |
| Clinical Treatment | ||||
| Vasopressin | 79 (15.2) | 23 (7.1) | 56 (28.3) | <0.001 |
| Octreotide | 29 (5.6) | 17 (5.3) | 12 (6.1) | 0.857 |
| Statins | 171 (32.9) | 99 (30.7) | 72 (36.4) | 0.219 |
| Betablockers | 308 (59.2) | 179 (55.6) | 129 (65.2) | 0.039 |
| MV | 460 (88.5) | 280 (87.0) | 180 (90.9) | 0.219 |
| CRRT | 61 (11.7) | 10 (3.1) | 51 (25.8) | <0.001 |
| ERCP | 31 (6.0) | 26 (8.1) | 5 (2.5) | 0.016 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| AKI | 360 (69.2) | 195 (60.6) | 165 (83.3) | <0.001 |
| Sepsis | 381 (73.3) | 209 (64.9) | 172 (86.9) | <0.001 |
| RF | 234 (45.0) | 117 (36.3) | 117 (59.1) | <0.001 |
| HF | 93 (17.9) | 52 (16.1) | 41 (20.7) | 0.230 |
| AF | 115 (22.1) | 65 (20.2) | 50 (25.3) | 0.214 |
| Hypertension | 252 (48.5) | 181 (56.2) | 71 (35.9) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 164 (31.5) | 95 (29.5) | 69 (34.8) | 0.239 |
| Obesity | 69 (13.3) | 41 (12.7) | 28 (14.1) | 0.744 |
| Laboratory Indicators | ||||
| Neutrophil counts | 9.08 (5.27, 14.52) | 8.41 (4.92, 14.27) | 9.99 (6.46, 15.55) | 0.053 |
| Nymphocyte counts | 1.03 (0.59, 1.73) | 1.11 (0.63, 1.73) | 0.90 (0.55, 1.76) | 0.378 |
| Eosinophil counts | 0.01 (0.00, 0.11) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.10) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.12) | 0.714 |
| RBC | 3.71 (3.20, 4.23) | 3.76 (3.25, 4.22) | 3.59 (3.13, 4.23) | 0.256 |
| WBC | 13.50 (9.40, 18.70) | 13.30 (9.35, 18.55) | 13.80 (9.43, 19.17) | 0.656 |
| RDW | 14.50 (13.60, 15.70) | 14.30 (13.50, 15.50) | 14.70 (13.93, 15.97) | <0.001 |
| PLT | 194.00 (135.00, 275.00) | 205.00 (146.00, 287.00) | 176.50 (125.00, 239.50) | 0.002 |
| Hb | 11.30 (9.70, 13.00) | 11.40 (9.90, 12.93) | 11.00 (9.60, 13.17) | 0.226 |
| Lymphocyte percentage | 8.00 (4.00, 13.57) | 8.10 (4.32, 14.20) | 6.85 (3.68, 12.00) | 0.011 |
| HCT | 34.00 (29.60, 38.80) | 34.30 (29.98, 38.40) | 33.30 (29.40, 39.50) | 0.744 |
| Cr | 1.05 (0.70, 1.70) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.00) | 2.05 (1.50, 3.40) | <0.001 |
| Alb | 2.90 (2.50, 3.30) | 3.00 (2.62, 3.40) | 2.70 (2.30, 3.18) | <0.001 |
| BUN | 20.00 (12.00, 33.00) | 15.00 (10.00, 20.00) | 37.50 (25.25, 56.00) | <0.001 |
| TB | 1.00 (0.60, 2.60) | 0.90 (0.60, 2.32) | 1.10 (0.60, 2.90) | 0.672 |
| AST | 62.00 (33.00, 158.00) | 57.00 (32.00, 149.50) | 71.00 (38.00, 181.00) | 0.088 |
| ALT | 54.00 (24.00, 152.00) | 51.00 (24.00, 141.00) | 59.00 (24.75, 160.00) | 0.523 |
| Glucose | 134.00 (105.00, 174.50) | 130.00 (106.00, 164.75) | 137.00 (105.00, 188.00) | 0.105 |
| TC | 155.50 (116.00, 199.50) | 170.00 (127.75, 206.25) | 139.50 (107.00, 181.25) | 0.008 |
| TG | 183.00 (107.00, 326.00) | 163.50 (103.00, 293.75) | 201.00 (126.00, 366.00) | 0.101 |
| HDL-C | 26.00 (14.75, 35.25) | 30.00 (23.00, 38.00) | 21.00 (12.00, 32.00) | 0.018 |
| LDL-C | 58.50 (38.75, 89.75) | 66.00 (38.75, 98.25) | 52.00 (40.50, 84.25) | 0.317 |
| PT | 14.30 (12.90, 16.20) | 14.10 (12.70, 15.70) | 14.90 (13.00, 17.50) | <0.001 |
| INR | 1.30 (1.20, 1.50) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.40) | 1.30 (1.20, 1.60) | <0.001 |
| Blood amylase | 131.00 (53.00, 375.75) | 101.00 (50.00, 285.00) | 176.00 (63.00, 482.00) | 0.008 |
| Blood lipase | 223.00 (61.00, 1222.00) | 166.00 (50.50, 1010.00) | 356.50 (87.25, 1522.00) | 0.001 |
| K | 4.00 (3.60, 4.60) | 3.90 (3.60, 4.30) | 4.30 (3.82, 4.90) | <0.001 |
| Na | 138.00 (135.00, 142.00) | 138.00 (136.00, 141.00) | 139.00 (135.00, 142.75) | 0.199 |
| TCa | 7.90 (7.30, 8.40) | 8.00 (7.40, 8.50) | 7.70 (7.00, 8.28) | <0.001 |
| AG | 14.00 (12.00, 16.00) | 13.00 (11.00, 15.00) | 15.00 (12.00, 18.00) | <0.001 |
| Lac | 1.70 (1.20, 2.70) | 1.60 (1.10, 2.30) | 2.10 (1.30, 3.20) | <0.001 |
| CAR | 0.35 (0.25, 0.60) | 0.27 (0.21, 0.33) | 0.78 (0.53, 1.33) | <0.001 |
| Clinical Outcomes | ||||
| LOS ICU | 3.77 (1.96, 8.98) | 3.18 (1.86, 6.66) | 5.84 (2.37, 13.16) | <0.001 |
| LOS hospital | 13.71 (7.71, 23.76) | 11.33 (6.96, 21.34) | 16.71 (9.90, 28.76) | <0.001 |
| Hospital mortality | 58 (11.2) | 20 (6.2) | 38 (19.2) | <0.001 |
| ICU mortality | 39 (7.5) | 13 (4.0) | 26 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| 7-day mortality | 17 (3.3) | 5 (1.6) | 12 (6.1) | 0.011 |
| 14-day mortality | 36 (6.9) | 12 (3.7) | 24 (12.1) | <0.001 |
| 21-day mortality | 47 (9.0) | 15 (4.7) | 32 (16.2) | <0.001 |
| 28-day mortality | 52 (10.0) | 16 (5.0) | 36 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| 90-day mortality | 88 (16.9) | 33 (10.2) | 55 (27.8) | <0.001 |
| 1-year mortality | 112 (21.5) | 46 (14.3) | 66 (33.3) | <0.001 |
HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RR, respiratory rate; MV, mechanical ventilation; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; AKI, acute kidney injury; RF, respiratory failure; HF, heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; RDW, erythrocyte distribution width; Plt, platelet; Hb, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; Cr, creatinine; Alb, albumin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; TB, total bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; K, serum potassium; Na, serum sodium; TCa, serum total calcium; AG, anion gap; Lac, lactate; CAR, serum creatinine to albumin ratio; LOS ICU, length of ICU stay; LOS hospital, length of hospital stay.