Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the training and validation cohorts.
| Retrospective cohort |
Prospective cohort |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SYSMH training cohort (N = 2641) | SYSMH validation cohort (N = 1132) | SYUTH validation cohort (N = 929) | GMUTH validation cohort (N = 127) | SSCH validation cohort (N = 147) | Prospective validation cohort (N = 400) | |
| Age | 62.00 [53.00, 70.00] | 62.00 [54.00, 70.00] | 64.00 [54.00, 73.00] | 57.00 [44.00, 71.00] | 65.00 [58.00, 73.00] | 64.00 [56.00, 70.00] |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1892 (71.6%) | 814 (71.9%) | 655 (70.5%) | 72 (56.7%) | 107 (72.8%) | 292 (73.0%) |
| Female | 749 (28.4%) | 318 (28.1%) | 274 (29.5%) | 55 (43.3%) | 40 (27.2%) | 108 (27.0%) |
| Haematuria | ||||||
| Yes | 936 (35.4%) | 393 (34.7%) | 578 (62.2%) | 31 (24.4%) | 83 (56.5%) | 166 (41.5%) |
| No | 1705 (64.6%) | 739 (65.3%) | 351 (37.8%) | 96 (75.6%) | 64 (43.5%) | 234 (58.5%) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 446 (16.9%) | 193 (17.0%) | 193 (20.8%) | 16 (12.6%) | 53 (36.1%) | 67 (16.8%) |
| No | 2195 (83.1%) | 939 (83.0%) | 736 (79.2%) | 111 (87.4%) | 94 (63.9%) | 333 (83.2%) |
| Clinical scenario | ||||||
| Routine screening | 2065 (78.2%) | 894 (79.0%) | 851 (91.6%) | 101 (79.5%) | 122 (83.0%) | 275 (68.8%) |
| Recurrence detection | 370 (14.0%) | 151 (13.3%) | 53 (5.7%) | 18 (14.2%) | 18 (12.2%) | 114 (28.4%) |
| Secondary resection | 206 (7.8%) | 87 (7.7%) | 25 (2.7%) | 8 (6.3%) | 7 (4.8%) | 11 (2.8%) |
| Cytology results | ||||||
| NHGUC | 1551 (58.7%) | 693 (61.2%) | 445 (47.9%) | 92 (72.4%) | 77 (52.4%) | 239 (59.8%) |
| AUC | 601 (22.8%) | 217 (19.2%) | 304 (32.7%) | 20 (15.7%) | 37 (25.2%) | 65 (16.2%) |
| SHGUC | 101 (3.8%) | 50 (4.4%) | 76 (8.2%) | 9 (7.1%) | 5 (3.4%) | 22 (5.5%) |
| HGUC | 388 (14.7%) | 172 (15.2%) | 104 (11.2%) | 6 (4.7%) | 28 (19.0%) | 74 (18.5%) |
| Pathology positive | ||||||
| Positive | 718 (27.2%) | 307 (27.1%) | 297 (32.0%) | 15 (11.8%) | 51 (34.7%) | 154 (38.5%) |
| Negative | 1923 (72.8%) | 825 (72.9%) | 632 (68.0%) | 112 (88.2%) | 96 (65.3%) | 246 (61.5%) |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). SYSMH, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; SYUTH, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; GMUTH, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; SSCH, The Central Hospital of Shen-Shan; NHGUC, negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma; AUC, atypical urothelial cells; SHGUC, suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma; HGUC, positive for high-grade urothelial carcinoma.