Table 1.
Summary of the Main Differences Between the Different Published Arthroscopic Reconstruction Techniques for Chronic Ankle Instability
| Characteristic | Guillo et al.8 2014 |
Takao et al.19 2015 |
Guillo et al.9 2016 |
Higashiyama et al.10 2019 | Iwashita et al.11 2021 | Our Technique 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient's position | Lateral decubitus | Supine decubitus | Lateral decubitus | Supine decubitus | Supine decubitus | Supine decubitus |
| Portals | 4 portals: AM, AL, sinus tarsi, and retromalleolar | 3 or 4 portals: midline (lateral to ATT), accessory AL, subtalar, and classic AL (optional) | 3 or 4 portals: AM, AL, sinus tarsi, and retromalleolar (optional) | 3 portals: AM, accessory AL, and subtalar | 2 or 3 portals: medial midline, subtalar, and AL (optional) | 2 portals: AM and modified AL |
| Fibular tunnel | ||||||
| Depth | Not reported | 20 mm | 10 mm | 20 mm | 20 mm | 15 mm |
| Angulation (sagittal) | 10 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis | 20 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis | Not reported | Along the longitudinal axis | 30 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis | 30 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis |
| Talar tunnel | Hemitunnel 20 mm | Hemitunnel 20 mm | Hemitunnel 20 mm | Hemitunnel 20 mm | Hemitunnel 20 mm | Hemitunnel 20 mm |
| Calcaneal tunnel | Complete tunnel | Hemitunnel 30 mm | Complete tunnel | Hemitunnel 25-30 mm | Hemitunnel 30 mm | Hemitunnel 25-30 mm |
| Implant fixation of talar and calcaneal tunnels | Interference screws | Interference screws | Interference screws | Interference screws | Interference screws | Knotless anchors (SwiveLock; Arthrex) |
AL, anterolateral; AM, anteromedial; ATT, anterior tibial tendon.