Fig. 4.

Schematic representation of different adoptive T cell therapy modalities. In TIL-ACT therapy, tumor-resident T cells are isolated and rapidly expanded in vitro after surgery or biopsy. The same patient receives lymphodepletion, followed by infusion of expanded T cells back to the patient. In ACT with genetically modified T cells, T cells in the peripheral blood of patient are isolated and transduced by viral vectors to express specific TCR or CAR for next infusion of modified T cells into the patient. Reproduced with permission [157]