TABLE 1.
Surface water results for detection of human astroviruses
| Site | Concentrate
|
ICC with Caco-2 cells
|
ICR TCVA-MPN/100 litersd | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RT-PCRa | Nested PCR
|
RT-PCRd | Nested PCR
|
||||
| 101b | 1:5c | 101e | 1:5f | ||||
| 1 | −g | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
| 2 | − | − | NA | − | + | NA | |
| 3 | + | + | + | + | + | + | 2.11 (0.08–9.41)h |
| 4 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
| 5 | − | + | + | − | + | + | |
| 6 | − | − | NA | − | + | NA | |
| 7 | − | − | NA | − | + | NA | |
| 8 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | 1.03 (0.18–3.48) |
| 9 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | 2.35 (0.8–7.43) |
| 10 | − | − | NA | − | + | NA | |
| 11 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
| 12 | I | I | I | − | + | NA | |
| 13 | − | − | NA | + | + | NA | |
| 14 | − | − | NA | − | + | NA | |
| 15 | I | I | I | + | + | NA | |
| 16 | I | I | I | + | + | NA | |
| 17 | − | + | − | − | + | + | |
| 18 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
| 19 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
| 20 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | 1.03 (0.19–3.47) |
| 21 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
| 22 | − | + | − | + | + | + | |
| 23 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | 3.23 (0.18–7.39) |
| 24 | I | I | I | − | + | NA | |
| 25 | I | I | I | − | + | NA | |
| 26 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
| 27 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
| 28 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
| 29 | − | − | NA | − | − | NA | |
a
One of 29 samples (3.4%) was positive.
b
Four of 29 samples (13.7%) were positive.
c
Two samples were positive.
d
Five of 29 samples (17.2%) were positive.
e
Fifteen of 29 samples (51.7%) were positive.
f
Four samples were positive.
g
−, negative; +, positive; NA, not applicable; I, inhibitory for the RT-PCR–nested PCR as determined by seeded experiments.
h
The values in parentheses are confidence intervals.