TABLE 2.
Associations between lung function variables and mortality (all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD), n=208 998) and all incident CVD (n=199 577), stratified by smoking status
| Individuals (n) | Outcomes (n) | Hazard ratio# (95% CI) | |||
| FEV1 | FVC | FEV1/FVC | |||
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| Never-smokers | 145 776 | 2267 | 1.16 (1.12–1.21) | 1.17 (1.13–1.22) | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) |
| Ever-smokers | 63 222 | 1975 | 1.29 (1.24–1.34) | 1.27 (1.22–1.33) | 1.20 (1.14–1.25) |
| CVD mortality | |||||
| Never-smokers | 145 776 | 286 | 1.31 (1.18–1.45) | 1.38 (1.24–1.54) | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) |
| Ever-smokers | 63 222 | 362 | 1.43 (1.31–1.57) | 1.42 (1.29–1.57) | 1.29 (1.16–1.43) |
| All incident CVD | |||||
| Never-smokers | 141 055 | 5743 | 1.12 (1.10–1.15) | 1.14 (1.11–1.17) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) |
| Ever-smokers | 58 522 | 4180 | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) |
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity. #: hazard ratios are per Global Lung Function Initiative z-score decrease for each lung function measure. Adjustments were as described in the Statistical analysis section of the Methods.