Table 4a.
Study characteristics.
| Study | Population | Intervention | Training period/ Frequency |
Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sport/ Competitive level |
Sex, sample size (n), age (years ±SD) | ||||
| Aagaard et al. (2011) | Cycling/ International Elite |
M, 19.5 (±0.8), EG: 7 CON: 7 |
EG: weighted strength training, CON: regular training |
16 weeks, 2–3 sessions/week |
45-min endurance test, capacity (W), EG1↑ > E2↑ |
| Ben Brahim et al. (2021) | Soccer/ International Elite |
M, 18.8 (±0.8), EG: 20 CON: 14 |
EG: resisted sprint training, CON: regular training |
6 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
Ball-shooting speed (km•h−1), EG↑ > CON↑ |
| Blazevich and Jenkins (2002) | Sprinters/ National Elite |
M, 19.0 (±1.4), EG1: 5 EG2: 4 |
EG1: strength training with high movement speeds, EG2: strength training with low movement speeds |
7 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
20-m acceleration (s), EG1↑ = EG2 |
| Born et al. (2020) | Swimming/ International Elite |
M&F, EG1: 10, 17.1 (±2.6), EG2: 11, 17.1 (±2.7) |
EG1: heavy strength training, EG2: plyometric training |
6 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
25-m Freestyle swimming sprint (s), EG1 = EG2 |
| Büsch et al. (2015) | Handball/ National Elite |
M, EG1: 10, 16.7 (±0.6), EG2: 9, 17.4 (±0.9) |
EG1: resistance training on stable ground, EG2: resistance training on unstable ground |
10 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
Figure eight run performance (s), EG1↑ = EG2↑ |
| Carlsson et al. (2017) | Cross country skiing/ National Elite |
M&F, EG1: 14, M: 18.4 (±1.0), F: 18.5 (±0.8), EG2: 19, M: 18.4 (±0.9), F: 17.7 (±0.9) |
EG1: strength training, EG2: ski-ergometer training |
6 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
Maximal-speed test with the double-poling technique, maximal speed (km•h−1), EG1↑ = EG2↑ |
| Cherif et al. (2022) | Handball/ National Elite |
M, 22.1 (±3.0), EG: 11 CON: 11 |
EG: strength and power training, CON: regular training |
12 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
Throwing velocity (m·s−1), EG↑ = CON |
| Fernandez-Fernandez et al. (2013) |
Tennis/ National Elite |
M, EG: 15, 13.2 (±0.6) CON: 15, 13.2 (±0.5) |
EG: resistance training, CON: regular training |
6 weeks, 3 sessions/week |
Serve velocity (km•h−1), EG↑ = CON |
| Hermassi et al. (2010) | Handball/ National Elite |
M, EG1: 9, 20.0 (±0.5) EG2: 9, 20.1 (±0.6) CON: 8, 20.0 (±0.7) |
EG1: heavy strength training, EG2: moderate strength training, CON: regular training |
10 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
Throwing velocity with run-up (m·s−1), EG1↑, EG2 > CON |
| Hermassi et al. (2015) | Handball/ National Elite |
M, EG1: 10, 18.4 (±0.5) EG2: 12, 18.7 (±0.5) CON: 12, 18.5 (±0.5) |
EG1: resistance training, EG2: throwing training, CON: regular training |
8 weeks, 3 sessions/week |
Throwing velocity with run-up (m·s−1), EG1↑ > CON; EG2 = CON |
M: Men; W: Women; EG: Experimental group; CON: Control group; ↑: Indicates a significant increase