Table 4b.
Study characteristics.
| Study | Population | Intervention | Training period/ Frequency |
Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sport/ Competitive level |
Sex, sample size (n), age (years ±SD) | ||||
| Hermassi et al. (2019) | Handball/ National Elite |
M EG: 11, 20.3 (±0.5) CON: 11, 20.1 (±0.5) |
EG: weighted strength training, CON: regular training |
12 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
Throwing velocity with run-up (m·s−1), EG↑ > CON |
| Jones et al. (2018) | Swimming/ International Elite |
M&F, EG1: 4M, 2F, 19.4 (±1.1) EG2: 6M, 18.9 (±0.9) |
EG1: weighted strength training, EG2: ballistic training |
6 weeks, 3 sessions/week |
Time to 5 m (s), EG1 = EG2 |
| Karpiński et al. (2020) | Swimming/ National Elite |
M, EG: 15, 20.2 (±1.2) CON: 15, 20.0 (±1.9) |
EG: core muscle training, CON: regular training |
6 weeks, 3 sessions/week |
50-m swimming time (s), EG↑ = CON |
| Kristiansen et al. (2023) | Sprint Kayaking/ National Elite |
M, 18.6 (±4.1), F, 17.0 (±1.4), EG1: 14 EG2: 12 |
EG1: strength training (improve), EG2: strength training (maintain) |
6 weeks, 3 sessions/week |
200-m kayak ergometer all-out test (s), EG1↑ = EG2 |
| Kristoffersen et al. (2019) | Cycling/ National Elite |
M&F, 29.6 (±0.6), EG1: 14 EG2: 6 |
EG1: resistance sprint training, EG2: heavy strength training |
6 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
5-min all-out cycling, average power output (W·kg−1), EG1↑ = EG2↑ |
| Losnegard et al. (2011) | Cross-country skiing/ National Elite |
M&F, EG: 9, M, 21.2 (±2.5), F, 21.3 (±5.1), CON: 10, M, 20.8 (±2.5), F, 22.6 (±2.4) |
EG: heavy strength training, CON: regular training |
12 weeks, 1–2 sessions/week |
1.3-km skate-rollerski performance (VO2 max), EG = CON |
| McEvoy and Newton (1998) | Baseball/ International Elite |
M, 24 (±4), EG: 9 CON: 9 |
EG: ballistic weight training, CON: regular training |
10 weeks, 3 sessions/week/ every 2 weeks |
Throwing speed (m·s−1), EG↑ > CON |
| Millet et al. (2002) | Triathlon/ International Elite |
M, EG: 7, 24.3 (±5.2) CON: 8, 21.4 (±2.1) |
EG: concurrent heavy weight training, endurance-strength training, CON: regular training |
14 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
3000-m running at VΔ25%, running economy (mL•kg−1•km−1), EG > CON |
| Newton and McEvoy (1994) | Baseball/ National Elite |
M, 18.6 (±1.9), EG1: 8 EG2: 8 CON: 8 |
EG1: ballistic training, EG2: weighted strength training, CON: regular training |
8 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
Throwing speed (m·s−1), EG2↑ = EG1, CON |
| Newton et al. (1999) | Volleyball/ National Elite |
M, 19 (±2), EG1: 8 EG2: 8 |
EG1: ballistic training, EG2: strength training |
8 weeks, 2 sessions/week |
Three-step vertical jump (cm), EG1↑ > EG2 |
| Paavolainen et al. (1999) | Cross-country running/ National Elite |
M, EG1: 10, 23 (3), EG2: 8, 24 (±5), |
EG1: sport-specific explosive strength training with high training volume, CON: sport-specific explosive strength training with low training volume |
9 weeks |
5-km time trial (min), EG1↑ > CON |
M: Men; W: Women; EG: Experimental group; CON: Control group; ↑: Indicates a significant increase