Table 2.

Physicochemical analysis of standardized vegan gummies supplemented with turmeric and black pepper.

Characteristics	Mean ± SD	Literature values	References
Moisture (%)	11.21 ± 0.46	10.47-13.23	[18]
Water activity	0.71 ± 0.028	0.5-0.75	[37]
Total soluble solids (°Brix)	68.5 ± 1.2	70.99-78.31	[38]
pH	3.5 ± 0.24	3.0-5.0	[39]
Antioxidant capacity (%) (DPPH)	37.27 ± 1.4	—	—
Total phenols (mg/100 g)	56.9 ± 0.09	—	—
Total titratable acid (g/100 g)	2.88 ± 0.56	2.78-3.59	[42]
Curcumin (%)	0.054 ± 0.0012	0.03	[18]
Piperine (%)	0.02 ± 0.008	—	—
Hardness (g)	4023.16 ± 15.38	1500-12,000	[43]
Chewiness (N)	1332.37 ± 9.43	701-12,226	[42]
Gumminess (N)	2105.013 ± 15.45	500-7617.6	[43]
Springiness (mm)	0.62 ± 0.54	0.96-1.00	[42]