Table 2.

Factors defined in the literature that facilitate implementation of parent-led pain care (5, 81, 86, 91–93, 95, 96, 98–101).

Intra- and interpersonal facilitators

•Well-informed and empowered parents •Professionals' communication skills •Interprofessional healthcare teams which also include parents as active members •Interprofessional collaboration •Professional-parent partnership

Organizational facilitators

•Pain management guidelines and protocols which include parent-led pain reducing methods, parental pain assessment policies, and a plan for parental education •Reflective and progressive management and leadership •Interprofessional education programs •Local pain champions •Collaborative practice

Structural facilitators

•Improved paid parental leave policies •Policymakers, insurers, and hospital systems should financially support parents to access the hospital and their hospitalized infant (housing, transport, parking, childcare) •Family-centred NICU environment with family friendly facilities