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. 2024 Apr 29;14:9795. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60102-w

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Overview differentiation protocol. CFBM indicates cardiac fibroblast basal medium and FGF2 fibroblast growth factor 2. (b) Gene panel of cardiac (GATA4, TCF21), fibroblast (VIM, PDGFRA, COL1A1, DDR2) and ion channel (KCNJ2, CACNA1C) genes (N = 6 differentiations, N = 3 replicates from 1 donor). A student’s t test is performed to test difference in gene expression between the two groups. In the case of KCNJ2 a Mann–Whitney U test was applied. (c) Immunostaining for PDGFRα, Vimentin and GATA4 in iPSC-CF, CF and lung fibroblast. Counterstained with Hoechst in blue. Scale bar indicates 100 μm. (d) Gel contraction assay, gels stimulated with vehicle or TGF-β for 24 h. Data is presented as area relative from 0 h (N = 8 gels per group). A linear regression model was performed to test for difference between stimulation and cell type, with a Tukey’s post hoc analysis. See also Fig. S1. Graphs represent mean ± SEM.