Table 1.
- Various IL/DES and API/DES combinations and their applications in drug delivery.
| System | Molar Ratio | Application | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Choline-geranate (CAGE) | – | Oral, transdermal, and percutaneous delivery systems | [28,29] |
| Choline-geranate (CAGE), n-methyl-pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and water | CAGE (1:2) | Self-emulsifying subcutaneous depot system for apomorphine | [30] |
| Choline chloride-mandelic acid | 1:2 | THEDES (Fast-dissolving delivery system) | [31] |
| Proline-glycerol | – | NADES (Cryoprotectant) | [32] |
| Ibuprofen-menthol | (10 and 20 wt %) | THEDES (Effective delivery) | [33] |
| Choline chloride and L-(+)-tartaric acid diethyl ester | 1:4 | Transdermal delivery of drugs | [34] |
| Choline chloride and urea Choline chloride and carboxylic acids Choline chloride and glycolic acid Choline chloride, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid |
ChCl:Gly acid (1:1 and 1:4) ChCl:Gly acid: Oxa acid (1:1.6:0.4) |
Solubilization of drugs | [35] |
| Choline chloride-geranate | – | Transdermal delivery of proteins in diabetics | [36] |
| Choline chloride-geranic acid | 1:2 | Transdermal delivery of ruxolitinib | [37] |
| Betaine – mandelic acid | 1:1 | Solubilization and permeability enhancement of natural products | [38] |
| Menthol – camphor | 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 | Enhanced percutaneous delivery of tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis | [39] |