Table 5. Interventions by study design and number of participants (alphabetized by intervention name).
| Intervention name | N | Psycho-social outcomes | Perceived support | Behavioral outcomes | Clinical outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RCT: support vs. patient alone | |||||
| CarePartners | 301 | NR | NR | + | ++ |
| D-NET | 320 | − | NR | NR | − |
| Fitbit + Friends | 120 | – | NR | – | – |
| Internet Mentoring Program | 57 | − | NR | ++ | − |
| PMFF | 42 | NR | + | – | NR |
| PROMOTE + SUPPORT | 200 | NR | NR | − | NR |
| Reciprocal Peer Support | 244 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| TExT-MED + FANS | 44 | NR | − | ++ | + |
| RCT: support vs. usual care | |||||
| CD Training + SMS | 76 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| CO-IMPACT | 239 | ++ | NR | ++ | - |
| FDD | 170 | NR | NR | ++ | − |
| iDecide | 255 | - | ++ | NR | - |
| MoDIAB | 174 | − | ++ | − | + |
| Women to Women Diabetes Project | 30 | – | – | NR | NR |
| Quasi experimental | |||||
| CGM + OPSC | 34 | ++ | NR | NR | + |
| CGM Share | 28 | NR | NR | NR | ++ |
| e-Healthystrides | 264 | NR | NR | + | + |
| FAMS | 19 | + | NR | NR | NR |
| FIDE | 170 | NR | NR | NR | ++ |
| FTA | 7 | + | NR | NR | + |
| InquisitHealth | 618 | NR | NR | NR | ++ |
| LCCP | 780 | NR | NR | ++ | ++ |
| Low-Carb Program | 1000 | NR | NR | NR | ++ |
| mDawn | 56 | + | NR | NR | ++ |
| SHARE plus | 34 | + | + | NR | NR |
| TangTangQuan | 693 | NR | NR | NR | ++ |
| Virtual Clinic | 17 | − | NR | NR | − |
NR, not reported; −, no difference between groups or pre/post; +, non-significant improvement or qualitative findings only; ++, significant difference between groups or pre/post. RCT, randomized controlled trial; D-NET, Diabetes Network; PMFF, Phone Messaging + Friends/Family; TExT-MED + FANS, Trial to Examine Text-Messaging in Emergency patients with Diabetes + Family and friends Network Support; CD, computer compact disc; SMS, Short Message Service; CO-IMPACT, Caring Others Increasing Engagement in Patient Aligned Care Teams; FDD, Family Defeating Diabetes; MoDIAB, Mothers and Diabetes Web; CGM, Continuous Glucose Monitor; OPSC, Online Peer Support Community; FAMS, Family-focused Add-on to Motivate Self-care; FTA, FewTouch Application; FIDE, Family-Integrated Diabetes Educational Programme; LCCP, Lilly Connected Care Program.