Fig. 2. Schematic drawing of the molecular mechanism of BIPS versus SIPS.
a SIPS is driven by multivalent protein‒protein interaction sites, normally in IDRs. A multivalent protein‒protein binding site (pink) in each protein can induce protein cluster formation, and the clusters interact with DNA to organize chromatin structure. b BIPS shows DNA length-dependent protein binding (~100 bp), DNA‒protein-DNA bridging (~3 kbp), and DNA‒protein clustering (~10 kbp). A protein with multivalent DNA‒protein binding sites (orange) can bind and bridge DNA to induce phase condensation.