. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 30.

Published in final edited form as: J Neurosci Res. 2022 Aug 10;100(11):2077–2089. doi: 10.1002/jnr.25113

TABLE 2.

Group means and between group differences in insula gray matter volume (normalized using total intracranial volume) obtained from ANCOVA analyses

Region	Hemisphere	Healthy volunteers n = 75, mean ± SD	AUD participants n = 75, mean ± SD	Statistical comparison between groups
Anterior insula	Right	1.55e−3 ± 2.53e−4	1.43e−3 ± 1.72e−4	F = 12.25, p = 6.19e−4^**
Anterior insula	Left	1.68e−3 ± 2.37e−4	1.55e−3 ± 1.86e−4	F = 15.43, p = 1.32e−04^**
Posterior insula	Right	9.52e−4 ± 1.77e−4	8.83e−4 ± 1.31e−4	F = 7.28 p = 7.78e−3^*
Posterior insula	Left	9.24e−4 ± 1.66e−4	8.14e−4 ± 1.29e−4	F = 22.22, p = 5.65e−06^**

p < .025

^**

p < .001.