Table 6.

The antioxidant activity of nutmeg seed extract.

Extract	Antioxidant method	Finding	Reference
crude nutmeg extract in methanol 2.4 μL/mL	The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and the β-carotene-linoleic acid assay.	DPPH assay result showed that eugenol followed by methoxyeugenol had higher activity than BHT. While isoeugenol had higher activity than α–tocopherol. β-carotene-linoleic acid assay, the showed α-tocopherol had higher antioxidant activities than BHT and isoeugenol, followed by methoxyeugenol and the weakest activity was eugenol.	Kim,et al., 2010
acetone, ethanol, methanol, butanol, and water extract of nutmeg	The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the various extract (0.025–2 mg/mL) or BHT (0.025–1.0 mg/mL) was measured using the method of Brand-Williams, Cuvelier, and Berset. BHT was used as positive control.	The acetone extract showed 93.12 ± 1.48 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g dry weight total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging activity of 63.04 ± 1.56 %, chelating activity of 64.11 ± 2.21 % and 74.36 ± 1.94 % inhibition of β-carotene bleaching, at 1 mg/mL extract concentration	Gupta, Bansal, Babu, & Maithil, 2013
Nutmeg extracted by acetone	DPPH radical scavenging capacity	DPPH radical scavenging capacity of the acetone extract as well as its fractions was comparatively lower than that of green pepper phenolics.	Chatterjee et al., 2007
Essential oil and oleoresins (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and iso-propyl alcohol) of Myristica fragrans	scavenging effect on DPPH, reducing power, and chelating effect was determined.	The essential oil and ethanol oleoresin showed better activity compared to other tested oleoresins and synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyl anisole and butylated hydroxyl toluene.	Kapoor et al., 2013
Six isolated compounds from nutmeg seed of Myristica fragrans licarin-B, dehydrodiisoeugenol malabaricone B, malabaricone C, β-sitosterol, and daucosterol.	Antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were studied using oil stability index (OSI), reducing power, ABTS scavenging, and DPPH scavenging methods.	The results showed that Malabaricone C is an efficient antioxidant agent which exhibits a stronger antioxidant activity than the commonly used synthetic antioxidants in all studied methods	Hou, Wu, Wang, & Weng, 2012
essential oil from nutmeg seed.	The antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH assay using spectrophotometric.	The nutmeg essential oil showed a good antioxidant activity after incubation (EC50 = 1.35 ± 0.003 mg/ml)	Nikolic et al., 2021
Methanol extract potential of flesh, seed and mace of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt)	(DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous ion chelating activity and antioxidant activity assay in a linoleic acid system with ferrothiocyanate reagent (FTC).	Flesh, seed, and mace extract well inhibit the linoleic peroxidation. Tannin, flavonoid and terpenoid were found in seed and mace extract, whereas flesh extract contains flavonoid and terpenoid.	Assa, Widjanarko, Kusnadi, & Berhimpon, 2014
Polyphenol extracts of nutmeg.	O brine-shrimp lethality assay, phytotoxicity test, DPPH, and superoxide anion radical scavenging as well as BSA-glucose antiglycation assay	Nutmeg extract exhibited a cytotoxic and phytotoxic potential with LD50 of 4359.70 and 1490 μg/mL respectively.	Kazeem, Akanji, Hafizur, & Choudhary, 2012
Methanol and acetone extract of nutmeg	Phenol content & radical scavenging activity were measured quantitatively using (DPPH) (µPADs) methods	The extract contains a high concentration of phenolic compounds (0.6217 mg/ml) and the DPPH assay for acetone extract indicated a high amount of antioxidant compounds.	(Orabi et al., 2022)