Figure 1: Fecal samples from hospitalized patients with liver disease display a wide range of microbiome and metabolomic profiles.

A total of 847 fecal samples from hospitalized patients with liver disease and 22 healthy donor fecal samples were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics and targeted metabolomics. (A) Relative taxa abundance by shotgun metagenomics is shown for each sample. Metagenomic alpha-diversity was quantified using the inverse Simpson metric, and samples are arranged from left to right in order of increasing metagenomic alpha-diversity. Samples from patients with liver disease were categorized as either low, medium, or high alpha-diversity based on tertiles of inverse Simpson levels. Quantitative targeted metabolite concentrations for each corresponding sample are shown below the metagenomic data. (B) Relative abundance of indicated taxa and (C) select metabolite concentrations were plotted for each tertile of alpha-diversity. Units for SCFA are mM, and units for BA derivatives are in μg/mL. For panels B and C, each point represents a single value where n = 283 (low diversity), 282 (medium diversity), 282 (high diversity), and 22 (healthy donor). Median and interquartile range are indicated by the horizontal line and box, respectively. The lower vertical line depicts Q1 – 1.5*IQR and the upper vertical line depicts Q3 + 1.5*IQR. Statistical comparisons between individual groups were analyzed using a two-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum test. Individual groups were compared to the healthy donor group. using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure and represented as follows: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001 *.