TABLE 1:
Patient demographics and baseline disease characteristics of all patients that produced at least one stool sample. Patients are stratified by liver disease chronicity at the time of consent. Clinically significant portal hypertension was defined by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥ 10mmHg, characteristic imaging (enlarged portal vein, intraabdominal varices, splenomegaly, or ascites), or clinical features (ascites, varices, or hepatic encephalopathy).
| Acute | Chronic | Cirrhosis (Compensated) | Cirrhosis (Decompensated) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 35 | 18 | 13 | 196 | ||
| Basic Demographics | Age (median [IQR]) | 57.30 [34.00, 67.25] | 60.20 [48.57, 64.60] | 63.10 [54.90, 69.70] | 58.05 [47.62, 65.93] | 0.413 |
| Sex = Male (%) | 12 ( 34.3) | 10 ( 55.6) | 9 ( 69.2) | 123 ( 62.8) | 0.014 | |
| Race (%) | 0.894 | |||||
| African American | 10 ( 28.6) | 8 ( 44.4) | 4 ( 30.8) | 64 ( 32.7) | ||
| Asian / Pacific Islander | 3 ( 8.6) | 1 ( 5.6) | 1 ( 7.7) | 7 ( 3.6) | ||
| Caucasian | 17 ( 48.6) | 6 ( 33.3) | 7 ( 53.8) | 95 ( 48.5) | ||
| Hispanic | 5 ( 14.3) | 2 ( 11.1) | 1 ( 7.7) | 26 ( 13.3) | ||
| Other | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 5.6) | 0 ( 0.0) | 4 ( 2.0) | ||
| BMI (median [IQR]) | 25.28 [21.61, 28.50] | 26.61 [21.84, 32.33] | 30.67 [26.75, 34.17] | 27.99 [23.62, 33.04] | 0.059 | |
| Disease Etiology | Liver Disease Etiology (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| AIH | 5 ( 14.3) | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 7.7) | 6 ( 3.1) | ||
| Alcohol | 5 ( 14.3) | 1 ( 5.6) | 3 ( 23.1) | 124 ( 63.3) | ||
| Checkpoint Blockade Hepatitis | 4 ( 11.4) | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 0.5) | ||
| DILI | 6 ( 17.1) | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | ||
| HBV | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 3 ( 1.5) | ||
| HCV | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 7.7) | 15 ( 7.7) | ||
| Metabolic | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 4 ( 2.0) | ||
| NASH | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 5.6) | 3 ( 23.1) | 23 ( 11.7) | ||
| Other | 7 ( 20.0) | 3 ( 16.7) | 2 ( 15.4) | 6 ( 3.1) | ||
| PBC | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 3 ( 1.5) | ||
| PSC | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 5.6) | 0 ( 0.0) | 4 ( 2.0) | ||
| Vascular | 8 ( 22.9) | 12 ( 66.7) | 3 ( 23.1) | 7 ( 3.6) | ||
| Disease Severity | MELD-Na at consent (median [IQR]) | 10.93 [5.30, 15.47] | 10.40 [2.56, 20.19] | 13.06 [4.74, 19.98] | 21.30 [13.46, 31.92] | <0.001 |
| Clinically Significant Portal HTN (%) | 2 ( 5.7) | 2 ( 11.1) | 5 ( 38.5) | 174 ( 88.8) | <0.001 | |
| HCC (%) | 1 ( 2.9) | 1 ( 5.6) | 3 ( 23.1) | 22 ( 11.2) | 0.171 | |
| NACSELD-ACLF at Consent (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 29 ( 14.8) | 0.012 | |
| Hepatic Enceaphalopathy (%) | 2 ( 5.7) | 1 ( 5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 56 ( 28.6) | 0.001 | |
| Shock (%) | 2 ( 5.7) | 3 ( 16.7) | 1 ( 7.7) | 26 ( 13.3) | 0.54 | |
| Respiratory Failure (%) | 1 ( 2.9) | 1 ( 5.6) | 1 ( 7.7) | 25 ( 12.8) | 0.29 | |
| Renal Failure (%) | 1 ( 2.9) | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 24 ( 12.2) | 0.081 | |
| Medications and Diet | Lactulose | |||||
| PTA (%) | 1 ( 2.9) | 2 ( 11.1) | 0 ( 0.0) | 85 ( 43.6) | <0.001 | |
| Inpatient (%) | 7 ( 20.0) | 5 ( 27.8) | 5 ( 38.5) | 148 ( 75.9) | <0.001 | |
| Rifaximin | ||||||
| PTA (%) | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 5.6) | 0 ( 0.0) | 60 ( 30.8) | <0.001 | |
| Inpatient (%) | 5 ( 14.3) | 1 ( 5.6) | 2 ( 15.4) | 103 ( 52.8) | <0.001 | |
| Broad Antibiotics (non-rifaximin) | ||||||
| PTA (%) | 5 ( 14.3) | 3 ( 16.7) | 1 ( 7.7) | 52 ( 26.7) | 0.169 | |
| Inpatient (%) | 10 ( 28.6) | 4 ( 22.2) | 5 ( 38.5) | 80 ( 41.0) | 0.263 | |
| Diet at time of consent (%) | 0.52 | |||||
| Diet Order | 31 ( 88.6) | 15 ( 83.3) | 13 (100.0) | 155 ( 79.5) | ||
| NPO | 4 ( 11.4) | 3 ( 16.7) | 0 ( 0.0) | 37 ( 19.0) | ||
| Tube Feeds | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) | 3 ( 1.5) | ||
| Disease Complications | SBP (%) | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 5.6) | 0 ( 0.0) | 20 ( 10.2) | 0.133 |
| Bacteremia (%) | 2 ( 5.7) | 2 ( 11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 15 ( 7.7) | 0.663 | |
| 90-day Survival (%) | 33 ( 94.3) | 18 ( 100.0) | 12 ( 92.3) | 155 ( 79.1) | 0.02 |