FIGURE 2.

Effectiveness^a against all-cause hospitalization. NMV/r effectiveness against all-cause hospitalization compared with no NMV/r ranged from 21% to 89%. ^aTreatment effectiveness percentages were calculated by subtracting hazard ratios or odds ratios from 1 and multiplying by 100. ^bThis study was limited to patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Note: The definition of “no NMV/r” varied across studies. The following definitions were used for “no NMV/r”: Yip et al,¹⁵ Hashash et al,²⁵ and Zhou et al¹⁴ used “not prescribed NMV/r or molnupiravir”; Ganatra et al²² used “did not receive ritonavir, nirmatrelvir, tixagevimab-cilgavimab, bebtelovimab, bamlanivimab, molnupiravir, or convalescent plasma transfusion”; Xie et al¹⁷ used “did not receive other outpatient COVID-19 antiviral or antibody treatments within 30 days of the index date”; and Hsu et al,¹⁶ Paraskevis et al,²³ and Aggarwal et al²⁴ stated “not receiving NMV/r.”