Table 1.

Characteristics of patients.

Charecteristics	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4	Case 5
Age (years old)	54	70	31	32	25
Sex	Male	Male	Male	Female	Female
BMI	24.3	25.2	26.1	21.9	20.5
Tumour size (cm)	3	4.5	3.5	4.5	3
TNM stage	T1a	T1b	T1a	T1b	T1a
R.E.N.A.L score	4x	5p	8a	5a	8ah

a, anterior; h, hilum; p, posterior; TNM, TNM staging system of renal cell carcinoma: the extent of the tumor (T), extent of spread to the lymph nodes (N), and presence of metastasis (M); x, neitheir.