Table 1. Diagnoses of 127 children and adolescents with cancer (72 boys and 55 girls), studied in Sao Paulo.
| Diagnosis | Proposed treatment protocol | n |
|---|---|---|
| Solid non-hematological tumors | 68 | |
| Osteosarcoma | GBCTTO: doxorubicin, carboplatin, cisplatin, ifosfamide and surgery | 26 |
| Central nervous system tumors | ||
| Astrocytomas | carboplatin, vincristine and surgery | 7 |
| Medulloblastomas | ifosfamide, etoposide, irradiation and surgery | 3 |
| Craniopharyngiomas | bleomycin and surgery | 2 |
| Choroid plexus carcinoma | ifosfamide and surgery | 1 |
| Rhabdoid cerebral sarcoma | surgery | 1 |
| Neuroblastomas III and IV (high risk) | CAP-ICE: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, platinum and ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide and surgery | 9 |
| Wilms’ tumor III and IV | actinomycin D, vincristine, adriblastin, surgery and/or radiation | 6 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | IRS: Surgery, radiation, vincristine, doxorubicin/actinomycin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and vepesid | 3 |
| Ewing's sarcoma | IESS-II: vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, ifosfamide and etoposide; surgery and local radiation | 2 |
| Others | ||
| Primitive neuroectodermal tumor | 2 | |
| Liver sarcoma | 2 | |
| Germ cell tumor | 1 | |
| Leiomyosarcoma | 1 | |
| Renal carcinoma | 1 | |
| Adenocarcinoma | 1 | |
| Hematological malignancies | 59 | |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia | GBTLI LLA-93. Induction therapy for basic risk patients: dexamethasone, vincristine, daunorubicin and MADIT (methotrexate, cytarabine and intrathecal dexamethasone). For high risk patients: dexamethasone, vincristine, daunorubicin, L-asparaginase and MADIT. Intensification therapy: 6-mercaptan, methotrexate and MADIT. | 32 |
| Acute myelocytic leukemia | LMAIO-97. Induction therapy: 2-CDA, cytarabine (experimental therapy), MADIT, DAV-1 and DAV-2 (dau- norubicin, cytarabine and etoposide). Consolidation therapy: cytarabine, mitoxantrone and etoposide. | 8 |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | Low risk: prednisone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and methotrexate. High risk: B-cell lymphoma: prednisone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, VM 26, cytarabine, etoposide, ifosfamide and adri- blastin. T-cell lymphoma: prednisone, dexamethasone, intrathecal methotrexate, vincristine, daunorubicin, l-asparaginase, 6-mercaptan, cyclophosphamide and cytarabine. | 12 |
| Hodgkin's disease | MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone) or ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) and local radiation. | 7 |
| Total | 127 |
GBCTTO: Brazilian Cooperative Group for Bone Tumor Treatment; IRS: Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study; IESS-II: Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study II; GBTLI LLA-93: Brazilian Treatment Group for Childhood Leukemia; LMAIO-97: International Outreach.