TABLE 2.
Summary Sleep Study and Oxygenation Characteristics of Patients With Group 1 PAH, Healthy Control Subjects, and Comparators
|
P Value |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAH (n = 186) | Healthy Control (n = 78) | Comparator (n = 32) | PAH vs Comparator | All 3 Groups | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Sleep study characteristics | ||||||||
| AHI | 185 | 4.4 (1.07–13.5) | 78 | 3.3 (1.3–8.8) | 31 | 8.1 (2.5–16.6) | 0.23a | 0.091a |
| ≥5 | 185 | 92 (49.7) | 78 | 31 (39.7) | 31 | 17 (54.8) | 0.60b | 0.23b |
| ≥15 | 185 | 41 (22.2)c | 78 | 7 (9.0)d | 31 | 8 (25.8) | 0.65b | 0.027b |
| Central apnea index | 183 | 0.00 (0.00–0.30) | 78 | 0.00 (0.00–0.28) | 31 | 0.16 (0.00–0.65) | 0.031a | 0.071a |
| Obstructive AHI | 182 | 4.6 (1.2–13.6) | 78 | 3.6 (1.4–9.6) | 31 | 8.1 (2.4–16.7) | 0.31a | 0.18a |
| Percentage of recording time at <90% SpO2 | 180 | 37.0 (2.2–87.3)c,e | 78 | 0.12 (0.00–2.8)d,e | 30 | 2.8 (0.19–13.1)c,d | <0.001a | <0.001a |
| Oxygen desaturation index 3%, events/h | 176 | 10.6 (5.1–19.3)c | 78 | 6.6 (4.3–12.8)d | 28 | 11.6 (6.0–21.4) | 0.91a | 0.016a |
| Mean SpO2, % | 185 | 90.0 (87.0–93.0)c,e | 78 | 94.0 (92.0–95.0)d | 31 | 94.0 (92.0–95.0)d | <0.001a | <0.001a |
| Lowest SpO2, % | 182 | 83.0 (78.0–87.0)c,e | 77 | 88.0 (84.0–90.0)d | 30 | 85.0 (82.0–88.0)d | 0.014a | <0.001a |
| Oxygen use | 186 | 78 | 32 | <0.001g | <0.001b | |||
| No oxygen or PAP use during the night of the sleep study | 92 (49.5)c,e | 74 (94.9)d | 29 (90.6)d | |||||
| Acute O2 or PAP the night of sleep study but no O2 prescription | 22 (11.8) | 4 (5.1) | 2 (6.3) | |||||
| Prescribed O2 long term | 20 (10.8) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (3.1) | |||||
| Prescribed O2 long term and using at sleep study | 52 (28.0) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |||||
| Oxygenation characteristics | ||||||||
| SpO2 at rest on room air, % | 171 | 96.0 (93.0–98.0)c,e | 78 | 98.0 (97.0–99.0)d | 32 | 98.0 (98.0–99.5)d | <0.001a | <0.001a |
| Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, % predicted | 183 | 57.6 ± 21.1c,e | 77 | 90.3 ± 16.5d,e | 30 | 75. ± 20.4c,d | <0.001f | <0.001f |
Values are n, median (Q1-Q3), n (column %), or mean ± SD. Post hoc pairwise comparisons were performed using Bonferroni adjustment.
a
Kruskal-Wallis test.
b
Pearson chi-square test.
c
Significantly different from healthy control group.
d
Significantly different from PAH group.
e
Significantly different from comparator group.
f
Analysis of variance.
g
Fisher exact test. AHI = apnea-hypopnea index; PAH = pulmonary arterial hypertension; PAP = positive airway pressure; SpO2 = oxygen saturation.