TABLE 4.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Right-Sided Cardiac Measures in Patients With Group 1 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

	Apnea-Hypopnea Index, 10 Events per Hour Increment			Percentage of Recording Time at <90% O2 Saturation, 10% Increment
	n	Coefficient (95% CI) or OR (95% CI)	P Value	n	Coefficient (95% CI) or OR (95% CI)	P Value
Structural/imaging measures
Primary variables
RV systolic pressure, mm Hga	157	0.84 (−01.92 to 3.59)	0.55	153	2.49 (1.58 to 3.40)	<0.001
RV ejection fraction, %b	135	−2.09 (−3.93 to −0.24)	0.027	133	−0.94 (−1.47 to −0.40)	<0.001
Secondary variables
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, cma	159	−0.02 (−0.08 to 0.04)	0.52	155	−0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01)	0.003
Global RV free wall peak longitudinal strain (3 segments), %a	146	0.47 (−0.25 to 1.20)	0.20	141	0.39 (0.12 to 0.65)	0.004
Global RV free wall peak longitudinal strain (6 segments), %a	144	0.40 (−0.18 to 0.97)	0.18	139	0.26 (0.04 to 0.47)	0.022
RV end-diastolic area, cm/m2a	161	1.07 (−0.06 to 2.20)	0.063	156	0.67 (0.29 to 1.05)	<0.001
RV fractional shortening, %a	161	−1.10 (−2.36 to 0.16)	0.086	156	−0.71 (−1.14 to −0.29)	0.001
RV end-diastolic basal dimension, cma	170	0.08 (−0.01 to 0.18)	0.076	165	0.05 (0.02 to 0.08)	0.001
RVD wall thickness, cma	162	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.04)	0.38	157	0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)	0.018
RVOT velocity-time integral, cma	167	−0.41 (−1.03 to 0.21)	0.19	164	−0.20 (−0.41 to 0.02)	0.076
RV end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2b	135	2.94 (−4.14 to 10.03)	0.41	133	3.86 (1.87 to 5.86)	<0.001
RV end-systolic volume index, mL/m2b	135	3.99 (−2.71 to 10.68)	0.24	133	3.77 (1.88 to 5.65)	<0.001
RV stroke volume index, mL/m2b	135	−1.04 (−2.68 to 0.60)	0.21	133	0.10 (−0.40 to 0.59)	0.70
RV mass, gb	135	1.34 (−1.98 to 4.66)	0.43	133	2.10 (1.19 to 3.02)	<0.001
RV peak global longitudinal systolic strain, %b	110	0.94 (−0.01 to 1.89)	0.052	108	0.24 (−0.03 to 0.52)	0.076
Hemodynamic measures
Primary variable
Mean PA pressure (spontaneous breathing), mm Hgc	176	1.12 (−0.72 to 2.95)	0.23	171	1.86 (1.29 to 2.42)	<0.001
Secondary variables
Mean RA pressure (spontaneous breathing), mm Hgc	175	0.61 (0.02 to 1.20)	0.042	170	0.19 (−0.02 to 0.39)	0.076
Mean PCWP (a wave) (spontaneous breathing), mm Hgc	175	0.23 (−0.43 to 0.90)	0.49	170	0.28 (0.05 to 0.51)	0.017
Cardiac output, L/minc	176	−0.19 (−0.37 to −0.02)	0.029	171	0.00 (−0.06 to 0.06)	0.97
Rest: cardiac index, L/min/m2c	176	−0.09 (−0.18 to −0.00)	0.05	171	0.00 (−0.03 to 0.04)	0.79
PVR (spontaneous breathing), WUc	174	0.47 (0.01 to 0.94)	0.047	169	0.36 (0.20 to 0.51)	<0.001
Electrophysiological measures
Primary variable
RV hypertrophyd	177	1.08 (0.79 to 1.48)	0.64	172	1.26 (1.11 to 1.44)	<0.001
Secondary variables
Right bundle branch blockd	177	1.05 (0.68 to 1.61)	0.84	172	1.09 (0.96 to 1.24)	0.20
Right-axis deviationd	177	1.14 (0.88 to 1.48)	0.32	172	1.10 (1.01 to 1.21)	0.035

Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, pulmonary hypertension medications, supplemental oxygen use, and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide.

^aObtained from echocardiogram.

^bObtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

^cObtained from right heart catheterization.

^dObtained from electrocardiography.

PA = pulmonary artery; PCWP = pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PVR = pulmonary vascular resistance; RA = right atrial; RV = right ventricular; RVD = right ventricular diastolic; RVOT = right ventricular outflow tract.