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Mechanism for the cytosolic bypass of critical enzymes of the Calvin–Benson cycle. Triose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, and FBPase can be bypassed when the G6P transporter GPT2 is induced. However, the low capacity of PGI causes G6P to build up in the stroma, ultimately activating stromal G6PD, causing a futile cycle that consumes ATP. The ATP is replaced by cyclic electron flow, which has been observed in plants carrying out cytosolic bypass.
