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. 2024 Jan 2;195(1):48–66. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad596

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 2. — Historical timeline for research on lignin, lignans, flavonoids, and alkaloids, with a focus on phenolic pathways. ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; CHS, chalcone synthase; F5H, ferulate:coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase; IF, isoflavonoid; IFS, isoflavone synthase; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; PA, proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin); PAL, L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; SS, strictosidine synthase; TAL, L-tyrosine ammonia-lyase. The enzymes are referenced further in the text.