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. 2023 Oct 6;31(2):599–626. doi: 10.3758/s13423-023-02343-w

Table 2.

Correlation of colour and notes of the chromatic scale. Table highlighting the various crossmodal correspondences that have been proposed since Newton (1704). Newton’s correlation conforms to the seven-tone scale which he was probably familiar with. Castel’s correlations were made with the 12-tone chromatic scale, but as Wells (1980) notes, the hues fall in frequency as the tones rise in frequency. The alignment is reversed for the following correlations. The scale attributed to E. G. Lind presents the pitch of tones (sound frequency, Hz) and the frequency of light (presented in parentheses in the Table as Terahertz (THz), for example red is 476 THz). Rimington’s (1895) crossmodal mapping from Peacock (1988). Adapted from Wells (1980, Table 1)

Note Newton Castel Finn Rimington Lind Maryon
1700 1720-1735 1881 1893 1900 c. 1920
C Red Blue Red Deep red 259 Hz, red (476) Red
C# Sea green, blue-green Vermillion Crimson Red-orange
D Orange Green, bright green Orange Orange-crimson 289 Hz, orange (511) Orange
D# Olive, yellow-green Yellow Orange-yellow
E-flat Orange
E Yellow Yellow Yellow-green Yellow 322 Hz, yellow (546) Yellow
F Green Apricot, yellow- Green Yellow-green 342 Hz, green (588) Yellow-green
orange, aurora
F# Orange Blue-green Green Green
G Blue Red Turquiose blue Bluish green 385 Hz, blue (630) Blue-green
G# Crimson Blue Blue
A-flat Blue-green
A Indigo Violet Indigo Indigo 427 Hz, indigo (665) Blue-violet
A# Agate, blue-violet, Violet Violet
light purple
B-flat Deep blue
B Violet Indigo Purple Violet 485 Hz, violet (721) Violet-red