Table 3.

List of recent exosome-based in vivo studies for cardiac IRI

Exosome source	Modifications	Cargo	Delivery route	Animal model	References
Bone marrow MSC	–	miR-182-5p	Intravenous	30-min LAD occlusion and reperfusion, mouse	[93]
Human umbilical cord MSC	AT-EHBPE/CP05 peptide hydrogel	Not analyzed	intramyocardial	90-min LAD occlusion, mouse	[109]
Human cardiosphere-derived cell	–	Not analyzed	intracoronary + intramyocardial	90-min LAD occlusion and 30-min reperfusion, pig	[106]
Human cardiosphere	conjugated with cardiac homing peptide	miR21, miR146a	Intravenous	30-min LAD occlusion, mouse	[100]
M2 macrophage	–	Not analyzed	Intravenous; tail vein	30-min LAD occlusion and 2 h reperfusion, rat	[110]
Human neuronal stem cell	–	Not analyzed	Intravenous; jugular vein	40-min LAD occlusion and 2 h reperfusion, mouse	[111]
Cortical bone stem cell	–	miR-378a, let-7a-3, and miR-31	intramuscular	45-min left coronary artery ligation and reperfusion, mouse	[112]
Mouse adipose-derived MSC	–	miR-224-5p	Intravenous; tail vein	30-min left coronary artery (LCA) ligation and reperfusion, mouse	[91]
Myocardial fibroblasts	–	miR-133a	intramyocardial	30-min LCA ligation and 120-min reperfusion, rat	[113]
Remote ischemic preconditioning plasma	–	miR-24	intramyocardial immediately after ligation	45-min LAD occlusion and 24 h reperfusion, rat	[114]
Human plasma	–	miR-486	intraperitoneally after ligation	30-min LAD occlusion and 24 h reperfusion, rat	[115]
Adult rats and human blood	–	HSP70	Intravenous; tail vein	30-min LAD occlusion and 120-min reperfusion, rat	[116]
C57BL/6 mouse MSC	–	miR-21-5p	intramyocardial	45-min LAD occlusion and reperfusion, mouse	[117]
Human embryonic stem cell-derived MSC	–	Not analyzed	Intravenous of CM before reperfusion; tail vein	30-min LCA ligation and 24 h reperfusion, mouse	[98]