Table 4.

List of recent exosome-based in vivo studies for renal IRI

Exosome source	Modifications	Cargo	Delivery route	Animal model	References
Human umbilical cord-derived MSC	N/A	miR-125b-5p	Intravenous at 0 and 24 h of reperfusion; tail vein	30 min both renal pedicle occluded and 48 h reperfusion, mouse	[124]
Human renal tubular cells	N/A	Not analyzed	Intravenous at 24 h of reperfusion; tail vein	50 min both renal pedicle occluded and reperfusion, rat	[129]
Mouse tubular epithelial cell in IR condition	Virus^(CD26) + transfection	CD26	Intravenous; tail vein	IRI model, no detail	[130]
USC	N/A	miR-146a-5p	Intravenous upon reperfusion; dorsal vein of the penis	45 min left renal pedicle and reperfusion, right kidney removed; rat	[133]
Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)	EXPLOR technology	exosomal super-repressor inhibitor of NF-ĸB (Exo-srIĸB)	Intravenous	IRI model, no detail	[134]
Human umbilical cord-derived MSC	N/A	Not analyzed	Intravenous	120 min left renal artery ligation and reperfusion, right kidney removed, pig	[125]