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. 2024 Apr 30;15:3610. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47300-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Schematic representation of stereotaxic surgery to inject the AAV virus for expressing the GCaMP6s calcium sensor and fiber optic implantation into the VMHvl. Figure created with BioRender.com. b Schematic representation of the fiber photometry setup used to record the VMHvl nNOS neurons. Figure created with BioRender.com. c Representative images of Cre-dependent GCaMP6s expression in nNOS neurons. d Timeline representation of lordosis behavior test to measure the activity of VMHvl nNOS neurons. All females were submitted to 2 lordosis pre-tests before undergoing the fiber photometry recording during the third session. e–g Peri-event time histograms and (p) peak delta F/F of the nNOS neurons activation when the stimulus male was introduced for lordosis behavior in control group (n = 6), highly receptive (HR) (n = 4) and minimally receptive (MR) (n = 8) females. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni: F(2,15) = 0.0293. *p = 0.0485; Bonferroni’s post hoc test. n Percentage of Lordosis quotient (Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test: H(3) = 8.797, p = 0.0059; *p = 0.0481 and 0.0359 for control vs MR females and HR females vs MR females, respectively), (o) and Percentage of rejection during lordosis test (Kruskal–Wallis test: H(3) = 8.797, p = 0.0059) in control (n = 6), HR (n = 4) and MR females (n = 8) at the day of fiber photometry recording; *p < 0.05; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. h, i, j, q Activation of the nNOS neurons when females from control group (n = 5), HR females (n = 4) and MR females (n = 3) performed lordosis behavior; only subjects that expressed lordosis were included in the analysis. k, l, m, r Activation of the nNOS neurons when control (n = 6), HR (n = 4) and MR (n = 8) females rejected the mount attempts by the stimulus male. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Corrections were made whenever multiple comparisons test is used. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.