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. 2024 Apr 30;15:3610. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47300-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 9 — a Timeline of vehicle, SNAP or kisspeptin (Kp10) Treatment. Figure created partially with BioRender.com. b Effect of subcutaneous treatment with kisspeptin or SNAP (NO donor) on lordosis behavior in control (n = 12), highly receptive (HR) females (n = 4) and MR females (n = 13). RM two-way ANOVA; Group effect: F(2,26) = 4.173, p = 0.027; treatment effect: F(1.747,45.42) = 5.992, p = 0.007; interaction between the two factors: F(4,52) = 2.163, p = 0.086. ns: not significant, **p = 0.003; Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. c Schematic representation of the infusion cannula into the VMHvl and the histological verification of the cannulas placement. Figure partially created with BioRender.com. d Effect of SNAP infusion into the VMHvl on lordosis behavior in HR females compared to MR females. RM two-way ANOVA; Group effect: F(1,13) = 24.14, p = 0.0003; treatment effect: F(1,13) = 8.646, p = 0.0115; group × treatment effect: F(1,13) = 0.229, p = 0.64. *p < 0.0362; Bonferroni’s post hoc test. n = 6 for HR females, and n = 9 for MR females. e Number of pnNOS neurons in the VMHvl following vehicle or SNAP subcutaneous administration. Two-way ANOVA; group effect: F(1,18) = 1.107, p = 0.3067; treatment effect: F(1,18) = 40.98, p < 0.0001; interaction: F(1,18) = 0.1047, p = 0.75. Control treated with vehicle (n = 4), control treated with SNAP (n = 4), MR females treated with vehicle (n = 7), MR females treated with SNAP (n = 7). f Number of pnNOS neurons in the PVN in vehicle or SNAP treated female mice. Two-way ANOVA; factor group: F(1,15) = 1.34, p = 0.26; treatment: F(1,15) = 15.85, p = 0.0012; group × treatment: F(1,15) = 1.214, p = 0.287. n = 4 for the control treated with vehicle or SNAP, n = 5 for MR females treated with vehicle, n = 6 for MR group treated with SNAP. g Representative confocal images showing pnNOS expression in vehicle and SNAP treated females. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Adjustments were made whenever multiple comparisons test is used. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.