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. 2024 Apr 30;14:9933. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60766-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic diagram representing outline of study design. Editing was done by using CRISPR-Cas9 technology; base, modified and final protocols. Base protocol is defined as using only gRNA and ssODN. Modified protocol is defined as using shRNAp53 in gRNA and ssODN cocktail. Final protocol is defined by using ssODN, sgRNA (single guide RNA), shRNAp53, electroporation enhancer, CloneR and HDR enhancer.