Table 2.
Lifetime prevalence (%) and prevalence ratio (PR) of a diabetes-related foot ulcer according to diabetes type in HUNT2-HUNT4, stratified by sex and age.
| All participants with diabetes | Lifetime prevalence (95% CI) | Model 1, PR (95% CI)* | Model 2, PR (95% CI) † | Model 3, PR (95% CI) ‡ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUNT2 (n=1630) | HUNT3 (n=1824) | HUNT4 (n=2393) | HUNT3 vs HUNT2 | HUNT4 vs HUNT2 | HUNT3 vs HUNT2 | HUNT4 vs HUNT2 | HUNT3 vs HUNT2 | HUNT4 vs HUNT2 | |
| Overall | 11.0 (9·5–12·7) | 7·5 (6·3–8·8) | 5·3 (4·4–6·23 | 0·7 (0·6–0·8) | 0·5 (0·4–0·6) | 0·7 (0·6–0·8) | 0·5 (0·4–0·6) | 0·7 (0·5–0·8) | 0·5 (0·3–0·6) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Women | 9·1 (7·2–11·4) | 5·5 (4·2–7·3) | 3·5 (2·5–4·8) | 0·6 (0·4–0·9) | 0·4 (0·3–0·6) | 0·6 (0·4–0·9) | 0·4 (0·3–0·6) | 0·6 (0·4–0·9) | 0·4 (0·2–0·6) |
| Men | 12·8 (10·6–15·4) | 9·3 (7·5–11·3) | 6·7 (5·5–8·2) | 0·7 (0·6–0·9) | 0·5 (0·4–0·7) | 0·7 (0·6–0·9) | 0·5 (0·4–0·7) | 0·7 (0·5–0·9) | 0·5 (0·4–0·7) |
| Age groups | |||||||||
| 20-49 | 12·1 (8·3–17·5) | 9·4 (6·0–14·2) | 7·7 (5·1–11·6) | 0·8 (0·4–1·4) | 0·6 (0·4–1·1) | 0·8 (0·5–1·4) | 0·7 (0·4–1·2) | 0·9 (0·5–1·6) | 0·7 (0·4–1·3) |
| 50-74 | 8·9 (7·2–11·0) | 5·6 (4·5–7·1) | 4·5 (3·5–5·6) | 0·6 (0·5–0·8) | 0·5 (0·4–0·7) | 0·6 (0·4–0·8) | 0·5 (0·3–0·6) | 0·6 (0·4–0·8) | 0·5 (0·3–0·6) |
| ≥75 | 14·7 (11·7–18·4) | 12·6 (9·5–16·5) | 6·4 (4·6–8·8) | 0·9 (0·6–1·2) | 0·4 (0·3–0·7) | 0·8 (0·6–1·2) | 0·4 (0·3–0·6) | 0·8 (0·5–1·2) | 0·4 (0·2–0·6) |
| Participants with type 2 diabetes | |||||||||
| HUNT2 (n=1342) | HUNT3 (n=1622) | HUNT4 (n=2042) | HUNT3 vs HUNT2 | HUNT4 vs HUNT2 | HUNT3 vs HUNT2 | HUNT4 vs HUNT2 | HUNT3 vs HUNT2 | HUNT4 vs HUNT2 | |
| Overall | 10·2 (8·6–12·0) | 7·3 (6·1–8·7) | 5·0 (4·1–6·0) | 0·7 (0·56–0·91) | 0·5 (0·4–0·6) | 0·7 (0·6–0·9) | 0·5 (0·4–0·6) | 0·7 (0·6–0·9) | 0·5 (0·3–0·6) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Women | 8·9 (6·9–11·4) | 5·3 (3·9–7·2) | 2·9 (2·0–4·3) | 0·6 (0·4–0·89) | 0·3 (0·2–0·5) | 0·6 (0·4–1·0) | 0·4 (0·2–0·6) | 0·7 (0·4–1·1) | 0·4 (0·2–0·7) |
| Men | 11·5 (9·2–14·3) | 9·1 (7·3–11·2) | 6·5 (5·2–8·1) | 0·8 (0·6–1·1) | 0·6 (0·4–0·8) | 0·8 (0·6–1·1) | 0·6 (0·4–0·8) | 0·7 (0·5–1·0) | 0·5 (0·4–0·8) |
| Age groups | |||||||||
| 20-49 | 10·2 (5·4–18·5) | 7·8 (4·1–14·2) | 6·9 (3·7–12·7) | 0·8 (0·3–1·8) | 0·7 (0·3–1·6) | 0·8 (0·3–2·0) | 0·8 (0·3–1·8) | 1·0 (0·4–2·6) | 1·0 (0·4–2·8) |
| 50-74 | 8·5 (6·7–10·7) | 5·6 (4·4–7·1) | 4·1 (3·2–5·3) | 0·7 (0·5–0·9) | 0·5 (0·3–0·7) | 0·6 (0·5–0·9) | 0·4 (0·3–0·6) | 0·6 (0·4–0·9) | 0·5 (0·3–0·7) |
| ≥75 | 13·5 (10·4–17·4) | 12·6 (9·5–16·6) | 6·7 (4·8–9·3) | 0·9 (0·6–1·4) | 0·5 (0·3–0·8) | 0·9 (0·6–1·3) | 0·5 (0·3–0·7) | 0·9 (0·6–1·4) | 0·4 (0·3–0·8) |
PR indicates prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval.
* Poisson regression without any adjustments (Model 1).
† Poisson regression with adjustment for age and sex (Model 2).
‡ Poisson regression with adjustment for age, sex, educational level, living situation, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, use of insulin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and HbA1c (Model 3). Missing values in adjustment variables imputed using MICE (Multiple imputation using chained equations).
A total of 274 participants had missing values on diabetes-related foot ulcers (126 in HUNT2, 73 in HUNT3 and 75 in HUNT4).