Table 2.

Negative binomial multilevel results of PSC, upward mistreatment, and affect.

	Model 1				Model 2
Outcomes	Positive affect				Negative affect
Parameter	γ	SE	t	p	γ	SE	t	p
Within-level
Upward bullying → affect	0.01	0.08	0.11	0.913	−0.04	0.13	−0.29	0.770
Upward aggression → affect	−0.04	0.09	−0.49	0.625	0.39	0.13	3.12	0.002
PSCm → affect	0.50	0.01	45.72	< 0.001	−0.46	0.01	−37.08	< 0.001
PSCm → upward bullying	−0.25	0.08	−3.29	0.001	−0.25	0.08	−3.29	0.001
PSCm → upward aggression	−0.26	0.08	−3.94	< 0.001	−0.26	0.08	−3.94	< 0.001
Controls
Gender	−0.07	0.01	−6.07	< 0.001	0.01	0.01	1.05	0.295
Age	0.02	0.01	1.82	0.069	−0.06	0.01	−5.42	< 0.001
Organizational tenure	−0.04	0.01	−5.71	< 0.001	0.01	0.01	0.72	0.469
Within-level indirect effect
PSCm → upward bullying → affect	−0.00	0.02	−0.11	0.913	0.01	0.03	0.29	0.771
PSCm → upward aggression → affect	0.01	0.02	0.48	0.634	−0.10	0.04	−2.40	0.017
Between-level
Upward bullying → affect	−1.32	1.10	−1.2	0.230	0.19	1.28	0.15	0.881
Upward aggression → affect	1.27	0.95	1.33	0.182	−0.30	1.10	−0.28	0.784
PSCe → affect	−0.04	0.07	−0.55	0.583	−0.02	0.07	−0.26	0.793
PSCe → upward bullying	−0.71	0.32	−2.25	0.025	−0.71	0.32	−2.25	0.025
PSCe → upward aggression	−0.61	0.31	−1.99	0.046	−0.61	0.31	−2.00	0.046
Between-level indirect effect
PSCe → upward bullying → affect	0.94	0.87	1.07	0.283	−0.14	0.91	−0.15	0.880
PSCe → upward aggression → affect	−0.77	0.72	−1.08	0.279	0.18	0.66	0.28	0.781
Model fit
−2 Log Likelihood	18318.26				19823.73
AIC	18362.27				19867.41
BIC	18511.95				20017.41

Total N = 6,658 managers, 123 organizations. AIC, Akaike information criterion; BIC, Bayesian information criterion; PSC_m, psychosocial safety climate reported by managers; PSC_e, psychosocial safety climate reported by employees; SE, standard error. Significant results are bold.