Figure 2.

LIPUS holds potential as an effective approach to counteract synovial inflammation and fibrosis. LIPUS demonstrates the ability to mitigate synovial inflammation and joint dysfunction through the enhancement of autophagy in macrophage-like synoviocytes and the inhibition of mature IL-1B production. Additionally, LIPUS has the capacity to modulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, facilitating β-catenin degradation and nuclear translocation, regulating downstream gene transcription, and ultimately impeding synovial fibrosis. Figures created with BioRender.com.