Table 4.
The relationship between HEI-2015 and low BMD in demographic subgroups.
| Characteristics | T1 | T2 | T3 | P for interaction | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (n/%) | 0.5013 | ||||
| Middle-aged adults (50–64 y) | Ref | 1.04 (0.73,1.49) | 1.00 (0.71,1.40) | 0.977 | |
| Older adults (≥65 y) | Ref | 0.78 (0.45,1.37) | 0.56 (0.32,0.98) | 0.038 | |
| Race (n/%) | 0.3546 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | 0.94 (0.62,1.41) | 0.83 (0.56,1.41) | 0.354 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | Ref | 0.80 (0.48,1.33) | 1.01 (0.59,1.75) | 0.973 | |
| Mexican Americans | Ref | 0.80 (0.38,1.67) | 1.00 (0.51,1.94) | 0.923 | |
| Other races | Ref | 1.61 (0.69,3.73) | 0.56 (0.29,1.08) | 0.064 | |
| Education level (n/%) | 0.9315 | ||||
| < High school | Ref | 0.80 (0.43,1.46) | 0.94 (0.50,1.77) | 0.817 | |
| High school | Ref | 1.16 (0.63,2.13) | 0.98 (0.53,1.80) | 0.955 | |
| >High school | Ref | 0.94 (0.59,1.49) | 0.80 (0.51,1.26) | 0.313 | |
| Family income level (n/%) | 0.7785 | ||||
| Low | Ref | 0.86 (0.47,1.57) | 0.71 (0.44,1.15) | 0.162 | |
| Medium | Ref | 0.96 (0.55,1.67) | 1.05 (0.62,1.79) | 0.863 | |
| High | Ref | 0.93 (0.56,1.57) | 0.75 (0.47,1.20) | 0.204 | |
| Marital status (n/%) | 0.5044 | ||||
| Married or living with partner | Ref | 0.89 (0.57,1.39) | 0.79 (0.53,1.17) | 0.224 | |
| Divorced, separated, or widowed | Ref | 0.99 (0.55,1.77) | 1.01 (0.60,1.70) | 0.976 | |
| Never married | Ref | 1.33 (0.42,4.17) | 0.53 (90.15,1.91) | 0.369 |
All models were fully adjusted for demographics data, BMI status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, LTPA, total energy intake, serum calcium and vitamin D, and comorbidity.